Mapping the Grounds for Mortalities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through Registry Analyses: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Patients

Anas Elgenidy, Mohammed Al-Mahdi Al-Kurdi, Hoda Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim, Eman F. Gad, Ahmed K. Awad, Rebecca Caruana, Sheriseane Diacono, Aya Sherif, Tasneem Elattar, Islam E. Al-Ghanam, Asmaa M. Eldmaty, Tareq M. Abubasheer, Ahmed M. Afifi, Amira Elhoufey, Hamad Ghaleb Dailah, Amira M. Osman, Mohamed Ezzat, Doaa Ali Gamal, Rady Elmonier, Ahmed El-Sayed Hammour, Maged T. Abougabal, Khaled Saad

Abstract


Background: Our objective was to identify non-malignant factors that contribute to mortality in children, adolescents and young adults, aiming to improve patient follow-up and reduce mortality rates to achieve better survival outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed 8,239 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 in the USA. Using version 8.4.0.1 of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)*Stat software, we calculated the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each cause of death.

Results: Out of the 3,165 deaths observed in the study population, the majority (2,245;70.9%) were attributed to AML itself, followed by non-AML cancers (573; 18.1%) and non-cancerous causes (347; 10.9%).

Conclusions: Patients with AML are at a higher risk of developing other types of cancer and granulocyte deficiencies, which increases the risk of death from non-cancerous causes such as infections. Moreover, treatment for AML carries the risk of cardiac problems. AML is commoner in males than females.




J Clin Med Res. 2024;16(6):310-318
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr5205

Keywords


Acute myeloid leukemia; Non-cancerous mortality cause; SEER database; Children; Standardized mortality ratios

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