Significance of Hypoalbuminemia in the Development of Thromboembolic Complications in Severe Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infection

Abstract

Background: The course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with the progression of a wide range of complications, among which thrombosis and thromboembolism are of particular importance. The significance of hypoalbuminemia in the development of thromboembolic complications (TECs) in patients with a severe course of COVID-19 is currently under active discussion. The objective of our study was to evaluate the significance of hypoalbuminemia in the development of TECs in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection.

Methods: In a single-center observational retrospective study, case histories of 1,634 patients with a verified diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of TECs: 127 patients with venous TECs constituted the main group and 1,507 patients, in whom the course of COVID-19 was not complicated by the development of TECs, constituted the comparison group.

Results: The patients with TECs were older, and the prevalence of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus was higher than that in the comparison group. A single-factor regression analysis showed that a decrease in albumin levels of less than 35 g/L is associated with an eightfold increase in the risk of developing TECs in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection (area under the curve (AUC): 0.815, odds ratio (OR): 8.5389, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5637 - 15.977, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the method was 76.34%, and the specificity was 72.58%.

Conclusion: The study revealed that hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of development of TECs in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection.

J Clin Med Res. 2024;16(4):164-169
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr5119