An Overlapping Case of Alport Syndrome and Thin Basement Membrane Disease

Abstract

We report a case of a 48-year-old male who presented with hematuria of at least 10 years, and has a daughter with hematuria as well. The patient has a history of degenerative hearing loss, decreased vision and cataract formation, but no diabetes, hypertension or proteinuria. A full serology and urology workup was negative for any abnormality. A kidney biopsy for the patient revealed a diagnosis of Alport syndrome but was unable to rule out thin basement membrane disease. The biopsy was inconclusive in making the diagnosis but the patients clinical presentation led to the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. The patients 10-year-old daughter also has hematuria with no clear etiology but now can subsequently be anticipatorily managed for Alport syndrome progression. Due to the rarity of the disease, diagnosis is often missed or delayed by primary care providers especially when no associated proteinuria has yet developed. This can lead to confusion and misdiagnosis with thin basement membrane disease, a generally benign hematuria without kidney failure progression. Additionally, biopsy can be inconclusive in these patients, relying on the physicians history and physical examination findings to diagnose. It is important to appropriately diagnose Alport syndrome not only to manage the patients rate of kidney failure progression but also allow for a higher degree of suspicion, screening and intervention in the patients family members. Both the inconclusive nature of kidney biopsies and the usefulness of diagnosis for family member screening are often overlooked in medical literature but are explored in this case.




J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(10):764-767
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2740w