J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 4, August 2011, pages 183-190

Self-Reported Hearing Difficulty Versus Audiometric Screening in Younger and Older Smokers and Nonsmokers

Tables

**Table 1.** Prevalence of hearing impairment (%) from SR and pure tone audiometry by participant age and smoking behavior.
Participants	N	Self Report	PTA > 25 dB (mild)	PTA > 40 dB (moderate)	PTA > 60 dB (severe)	M - E
PTA=binaural pure tone average of 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz.M - E is the measured (PTA > 25 dB) minus estimated (SR) prevalence of hearing impairment.
All	170	15.9	16.5	5.9	1.2	0.6
Middle-aged	90	21.1	31.1	11.1	2.2	10.0
Younger	80	10.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-10.0
Smokers	72	22.2	16.7	4.2	2.8	-5.6
Nonsmokers	98	11.2	16.3	7.1	0.0	5.1

**Table 2.** Screening performance characteristics (%) for self reported hearing difficulty compared with pure-tone hearing impairment and WRS.
	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
SR: self reported hearing difficulty; HI: hearing impairment; PTA: binaural pure-tone average of 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz; WRS: word recognition score; LE; left ear; RE: right ear; PPV; positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value.* indicates calculation not possible due to number of true positives = zero.
SR vs. HI (PTA > 25 dB)
Participants: All	46	90	48	89
Middle-aged	46	90	68	78
Younger	*	90	0	100
Smokers	58	85	44	91
Nonsmokers	38	94	55	88
SR vs. HI (PTA > 40 dB)
Participants: All	90	89	33	99
Middle-aged	90	87	47	99
Younger	*	90	0	100
Smokers	100	81	19	100
Nonsmokers	86	94	55	99
SR vs. HI (PTA > 60 dB)
Participants: All	100	85	7	100
Middle-aged	100	80	11	100
Younger	*	90	0	100
Smokers	100	80	13	100
Nonsmokers	*	89	0	100
SR vs. WRS (< 88% LE or RE)
Participants: All	47	85	23	95
Middle-aged	50	80	29	91
Younger	0	91	0	99
Smokers	56	81	28	93
Nonsmokers	33	89	15	96