J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 4, August 2011, pages 164-167

The Routine Utilization of Procedural Pain Management for Pediatric Lumbar Punctures: Are We There Yet?

Figure

Figure 1.. Flow diagram of pediatric LP subjects.

Tables

**Table 1.** Type of Local Anesthetic Utilized in Pediatric LPs
N = 223	n	P (%)	95% CI
* Tylenol or NSAID or BDZ or Narcotic
1% lidocaine	126	57	49.5 - 62.5
EMLA	20	9	5.2 - 12.6
EMLA or 1% lidocaine	146	66	58.7 - 71.3
None	77	35	27.8 - 40.2
Other*	15	7	3.4 - 10.0

**Table 2.** Local Anesthetic Utilized in Pediatric LPs Stratified by Age
Age	N = 223	n	P (%)	95% CI
Birth to 30 days	21	0	0	0 - 0.15
> 1 month to 12 months	120	65	54	45.1 - 62.9
> 12 months to 24 months	82	81	99	95.0 - 101

**Table 3.** Type of Local Anesthetic Utilized in Pediatric LPs Stratified by Age
Age	N	1% lidocaine		EMLA		Both
Age	N	n	P (%)	n	P (%)	n	P (%)
Neonate	21	0	0	0	0	0	0
Infant	120	75	60	3	3	3	3
Toddler	82	51	62	17	21	2	2

**Table 4.** Type of Local Anesthetic Utilized in Pediatric LPs Stratified by Physician Specialty
LP	N = 223	n = 146	P (%)	1% lidocaine		EMLA		Both
LP	N = 223	n = 146	P (%)	n	P (%)	n	P (%)	n	P (%)
EP	N = 120	82	68	82	68	0	0	0	0
PP	N = 103	64	62	44	43	20	19	5	4