J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 2, April 2011, pages 78-84

Protective Effects of L-Carnitine on Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model

Figure 1.. The E. coli with GFP were detected with fluorescence microscope. The cells displayed rod shape and erupted fluorescent light.

Figure 3.. Intestinal villus after IR in group II rats, with lifted epithelium, white blood cells, and monocytes in the Lamina propria (Grade 4) (H&E, × 100).

Figure 4.. Development of Gruenhagen’s space at tip of a villus in group III rats (Grade 2) (H&E, × 100).

**Table 1.** The Chiu’s Score Classification of Small Intestinal Injury
Classification	Pathological change
Level 0	Mucosa without changes.
Level 1	Well-constituted villosities, no cellular lysis or inflammatory process, although there is formation of Grunhagen’s sub-epithelial space.
Level 2	Presence of cellular lysis, formation of Grunhagen’s sub-epithelial space and increased spacing among the villosities.
Level 3	Destruction of the free villosities section, presence of dilated capillaries and inflamed cells.
Level 4	Structural destruction of the villosities, only traces of some villosities, formed by inflamed cells and necrotic material, with hemorrhage and basal glandular ulceration.
Level 5	Destruction of all the mucosa, no glandular structure can be seen, only the amorphous material laying on the sub-mucosa tissue.

Table 1. The Chiu’s Score Classification of Small Intestinal Injury

Classification

Pathological change

Level 0

Mucosa without changes.

Level 1

Well-constituted villosities, no cellular lysis or inflammatory process, although there is formation of Grunhagen’s sub-epithelial space.

Level 2

Presence of cellular lysis, formation of Grunhagen’s sub-epithelial space and increased spacing among the villosities.

Level 3

Destruction of the free villosities section, presence of dilated capillaries and inflamed cells.

Level 4

Structural destruction of the villosities, only traces of some villosities, formed by inflamed cells and necrotic material, with hemorrhage and basal glandular ulceration.

Level 5

Destruction of all the mucosa, no glandular structure can be seen, only the amorphous material laying on the sub-mucosa tissue.

**Table 2.** The Levels of BT From MLN, Liver, Lung, Spleen and Portal Vein Blood (CFU/g) (Mean ± SD)
Groups	n	MLN	Liver	Lung	Spleen	Portal vein blood
± P < 0.05 compared to IR and IR+L groups* P < 0.05 compared to IR+L group
S	10	1.2 ± 1.03^Δ	0.0 ± 0.00^Δ	0.0 ± 0.00^Δ	0.0 ± 0.00^Δ	2.0± 2.58^Δ
IR	10	25.1 ± 3.41*	20.5 ± 3.03*	25.5 ± 3.92*	15.2 ± 3.01*	19.9 ± 3.70*
IR+L	10	11.3 ± 2.36	10.0 ± 2.58	10.8 ± 2.25	10.3 ± 3.43	9.3 ± 1.64

Table 2. The Levels of BT From MLN, Liver, Lung, Spleen and Portal Vein Blood (CFU/g) (Mean ± SD)

Groups

MLN

Liver

Lung

Spleen

Portal vein blood

± P < 0.05 compared to IR and IR+L groups* P < 0.05 compared to IR+L group

1.2 ± 1.03^Δ

0.0 ± 0.00^Δ

2.0± 2.58^Δ

25.1 ± 3.41*

20.5 ± 3.03*

25.5 ± 3.92*

15.2 ± 3.01*

19.9 ± 3.70*

IR+L

11.3 ± 2.36

10.0 ± 2.58

10.8 ± 2.25

10.3 ± 3.43

9.3 ± 1.64

**Table 3.** The Levels of Chiu’s Score in Small Intestinal Structure (Mean ± SD)
Groups	n	Small intestinal structure
Δ P < 0.05 compared to IR and IR+L groups* P < 0.05 compared to IR+L group
S	10	0 ± 0.00^Δ
IR	10	4.0 ± 0.41*
IR+L	10	2.4 ± 0.46

Table 3. The Levels of Chiu’s Score in Small Intestinal Structure (Mean ± SD)

Groups

Small intestinal structure

Δ P < 0.05 compared to IR and IR+L groups* P < 0.05 compared to IR+L group

0 ± 0.00^Δ

4.0 ± 0.41*

IR+L

2.4 ± 0.46

**Table 4.** The Levels of TNF-α and Interleukins in Arterial Serum (pg/ml)
Groups	n	TNF-α	IL-1	IL-6	>IL-10
Δ P < 0.05 compared to IR and IR+L groups* P < 0.05 compared to IR+L group
S	10	53.82 ± 8.94^Δ	195.52 ± 52.26^Δ	259.89 ± 89.41^Δ	359.38 ± 76.32^Δ
IR	10	575.02 ± 50.56*	601.29 ± 58.33*	567.25 ± 69.62*	126.06 ± 50.37*
IR+L	10	104.86 ± 10.61	291.58 ± 76.88	258.75 ± 77.58	254.65 ± 67.91

Table 4. The Levels of TNF-α and Interleukins in Arterial Serum (pg/ml)

Groups

TNF-α

IL-1

IL-6

>IL-10

Δ P < 0.05 compared to IR and IR+L groups* P < 0.05 compared to IR+L group

53.82 ± 8.94^Δ

195.52 ± 52.26^Δ

259.89 ± 89.41^Δ

359.38 ± 76.32^Δ

575.02 ± 50.56*

601.29 ± 58.33*

567.25 ± 69.62*

126.06 ± 50.37*

IR+L

104.86 ± 10.61

291.58 ± 76.88

258.75 ± 77.58

254.65 ± 67.91