J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 2, April 2011, pages 72-77

Risk Factors for Delayed Diagnosis of Scabies in Hospitalized Patients From Long-Term Care Facilities

**Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients With Scabies From Long-Term Care Facilities
SD = standard deviation
Age (years), mean ± SD	80 ± 8.8
Gender (male : female)	347 : 359
Duration from admission to diagnosis of scabies (days), mean (range)	1 (0 - 12)
Duration of hospitalization (days), mean (range)	14 (1 - 388)
Underlying disease
Chronic respiratory failure, n (%)	288 (41)
Congestive heart failure, n (%)	96 (14)
End stage renal disease, n (%)	35 (5)
Scabies infection before, n (%)	360 (51)
Cirrhosis, n (%)	20 (3)
Pressure sore, n (%)	93 (13)
Malignancy, n (%)	45 (6)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	293 (42)
Hypertension, n (%)	567 (80)
Bedridden status, n (%)	610 (86)
Steroid therapy, n (%)	97 (14)
Anti-parkinsonism agent therapy, n (%)	103 (15)
Anti-seizure therapy, n (%)	186 (26)
Bacteremia during hospitalization, n (%)	225 (32)
Laboratory data
White leukocyte (10³/μL), mean ± SD	13.3 ± 7.4
Eosinophil count (/μL), mean ± SD	410 (0 - 43025)
Hemoglobulin (g/dL), mean ± SD	10.6 ± 2.0
Serum sodium (mmol/L), mean ± SD	130.4 ± 9.1
Serum potassium (mmol/L), mean ± SD	4.1 ± 0.9
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SD	1.3 ± 1.2
Serum urea nitrogen (mg/dL), mean ± SD	26.4 ± 22.5
Serum albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD	2.8 ± 0.7
Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (IU/L), mean (range)	35.6 (6 - 1375)

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients With Scabies From Long-Term Care Facilities

SD = standard deviation

Age (years), mean ± SD

80 ± 8.8

Gender (male : female)

347 : 359

Duration from admission to diagnosis of scabies (days), mean (range)

1 (0 - 12)

Duration of hospitalization (days), mean (range)

14 (1 - 388)

Underlying disease

Chronic respiratory failure, n (%)

288 (41)

Congestive heart failure, n (%)

96 (14)

End stage renal disease, n (%)

35 (5)

Scabies infection before, n (%)

360 (51)

Cirrhosis, n (%)

20 (3)

Pressure sore, n (%)

93 (13)

Malignancy, n (%)

45 (6)

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

293 (42)

Hypertension, n (%)

567 (80)

Bedridden status, n (%)

610 (86)

Steroid therapy, n (%)

97 (14)

Anti-parkinsonism agent therapy, n (%)

103 (15)

Anti-seizure therapy, n (%)

186 (26)

Bacteremia during hospitalization, n (%)

225 (32)

Laboratory data

White leukocyte (10³/μL), mean ± SD

13.3 ± 7.4

Eosinophil count (/μL), mean ± SD

410 (0 - 43025)

Hemoglobulin (g/dL), mean ± SD

10.6 ± 2.0

Serum sodium (mmol/L), mean ± SD

130.4 ± 9.1

Serum potassium (mmol/L), mean ± SD

4.1 ± 0.9

Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SD

1.3 ± 1.2

Serum urea nitrogen (mg/dL), mean ± SD

26.4 ± 22.5

Serum albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD

2.8 ± 0.7

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (IU/L), mean (range)

35.6 (6 - 1375)

**Table 2.** Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Delayed Diagnosis of Scabies in Hospitalized Patients From Long-Term Care Facilities
Variable	Delayed diagnosis (n = 44)	Early diagnosis (n = 662)	P value
SD = standard deviation*: P < 0.05
Age (years), mean ± SD	78 ± 7.5	80 ± 8.9	0.223
Duration of hospitalization, days (range)	30 (6 - 388)	13 (1 - 221)	< 0.001*
Male, n (%)	27 (61)	320 (48)	0.129
Underlying disease
Chronic respiratory failure, n (%)	18 (41)	270 (41)	1.000
Congestive heart failure, n (%)	4 (9)	92 (14)	0.501
End stage renal disease, n (%)	4 (9)	31 (5)	0.266
Scabies infection before, n (%)	19 (43)	341 (52)	0.360
Cirrhosis, n (%)	0 (0)	20 (3)	0.629
Pressure sore, n (%)	8 (18)	85 (13)	0.433
Malignancy, n (%)	5 (11)	40 (6)	0.190
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	20 (45)	273 (41)	0.695
Hypertension, n (%)	32 (73)	535 (81)	0.267
Bedridden status, n (%)	41 (93)	569 (86)	0.259
Steroid therapy, n (%)	32 (73)	65 (10)	< 0.001*
Anti-parkinsonism therapy, n (%)	4 (9)	99 (15)	0.397
Anti-seizure therapy, n (%)	13 (30)	173 (26)	0.748
Bacteremia, n (%)	15 (34)	210 (32)	0.873
Laboratory data
Leukocytosis, n (%)	24 (55)	378 (59)	0.862
Eosinophilia, n (%)	12 (27)	116 (18)	0.104
Anemia, n (%)	22 (50)	243 (37)	0.109
Hyponatremia, n (%)	28 (64)	450 (68)	0.647
Hypokalemia, n (%)	11 (25)	156 (24)	0.982
Renal function impairment, n (%)	10 (23)	145 (22)	1.000
Hypoalbuminemia, n (%)	32 (73)	454 (69)	0.684
Liver function impairment, n (%)	12 (27)	181 (27)	1.000

Table 2. Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Delayed Diagnosis of Scabies in Hospitalized Patients From Long-Term Care Facilities

Variable

Delayed diagnosis
(n = 44)

Early diagnosis
(n = 662)

P value

SD = standard deviation*: P < 0.05

Age (years), mean ± SD

78 ± 7.5

80 ± 8.9

0.223

Duration of hospitalization, days (range)

30 (6 - 388)

13 (1 - 221)

< 0.001*

Male, n (%)

27 (61)

320 (48)

0.129

Underlying disease

Chronic respiratory failure, n (%)

18 (41)

270 (41)

1.000

Congestive heart failure, n (%)

4 (9)

92 (14)

0.501

End stage renal disease, n (%)

4 (9)

31 (5)

0.266

Scabies infection before, n (%)

19 (43)

341 (52)

0.360

Cirrhosis, n (%)

0 (0)

20 (3)

0.629

Pressure sore, n (%)

8 (18)

85 (13)

0.433

Malignancy, n (%)

5 (11)

40 (6)

0.190

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

20 (45)

273 (41)

0.695

Hypertension, n (%)

32 (73)

535 (81)

0.267

Bedridden status, n (%)

41 (93)

569 (86)

0.259

Steroid therapy, n (%)

32 (73)

65 (10)

< 0.001*

Anti-parkinsonism therapy, n (%)

4 (9)

99 (15)

0.397

Anti-seizure therapy, n (%)

13 (30)

173 (26)

0.748

Bacteremia, n (%)

15 (34)

210 (32)

0.873

Laboratory data

Leukocytosis, n (%)

24 (55)

378 (59)

0.862

Eosinophilia, n (%)

12 (27)

116 (18)

0.104

Anemia, n (%)

22 (50)

243 (37)

0.109

Hyponatremia, n (%)

28 (64)

450 (68)

0.647

Hypokalemia, n (%)

11 (25)

156 (24)

0.982

Renal function impairment, n (%)

10 (23)

145 (22)

1.000

Hypoalbuminemia, n (%)

32 (73)

454 (69)

0.684

Liver function impairment, n (%)

12 (27)

181 (27)

1.000

**Table 3.** Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Delayed Diagnosis of Scabies in the Hospitalized Patients From Long-Term Care Facilities
Variable	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Steroid therapy	23.493	11.354 - 48.612	< 0.001

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Delayed Diagnosis of Scabies in the Hospitalized Patients From Long-Term Care Facilities

Variable

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

Steroid therapy

23.493

11.354 - 48.612

< 0.001

**Table 4.** Distribution of Pathogens of Primary Bacteremia in Hospitalized Patients With Scabies From Long-Term Care Facilities
Pathogens	No. of episodes
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci	110
Staphylococcus aureus	18
Unidentified gram-positive bacilli	16
Streptococci	3
Bacillus spp.	2
Enterococci	2
Acinetobacter spp.	1

Table 4. Distribution of Pathogens of Primary Bacteremia in Hospitalized Patients With Scabies From Long-Term Care Facilities

Pathogens

No. of episodes

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci

110

Staphylococcus aureus

Unidentified gram-positive bacilli

Streptococci

Bacillus spp.

Enterococci

Acinetobacter spp.