J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 6, June 2024, pages 310-318

Mapping the Grounds for Mortalities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through Registry Analyses: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Patients

**Table 1.** Characteristics of the AML Patients Included
Variables	Deaths	Total persons
AML: acute myeloid leukemia.
Overall	2,731	24.99	238	28.12	196	35.16	3,165	25.86	8,239
Age
< 15	620	7.49	54	12.3	32	16.12	706	8.25	2,194
15 - 39	2,111	30.13	184	32.76	164	38.87	2,459	30.91	6,045
Sex
Male	1,455	25.05	117	27.98	110	35.78	1,682	25.96	4,201
Female	1,276	24.93	121	28.25	86	34.36	1,483	25.75	4,038
Race
White	2,006	25.18	180	27.87	151	35.48	2,337	26.05	6,199
Black	419	24.41	23	27.46	29	33.76	471	25.13	1,037
American Indian/Alaska Native	21	21.51	3	31	2	45.84	26	24.48	80
Asian/Pacific Islander	285	24.8	32	29.73	14	33.02	331	25.62	923
Unknown	0		0		0		0		0
Duration
2000 - 2004	794	24.46	73	26.67	114	35.94	981	25.96	1,920
2005 - 2009	761	25.29	76	28.38	54	34.71	891	26.12	2,047
2010 - 2014	686	25.19	75	29.04	28	32.85	789	25.83	2,169
2015 - 2019	490	25.12	14	29.38	0		504	25.24	2,103

Table 1. Characteristics of the AML Patients Included

Variables

Deaths

Total persons

< 3 years

3 - 5 years

> 5 years

Total

Observed (n)

Mean age at event

Observed (n)

Mean age at event

Observed (n)

Mean age at event

Observed (n)

Mean age at event

AML: acute myeloid leukemia.

Overall

2,731

24.99

238

28.12

196

35.16

3,165

25.86

8,239

Age

< 15

620

7.49

12.3

16.12

706

8.25

2,194

15 - 39

2,111

30.13

184

32.76

164

38.87

2,459

30.91

6,045

Sex

Male

1,455

25.05

117

27.98

110

35.78

1,682

25.96

4,201

Female

1,276

24.93

121

28.25

34.36

1,483

25.75

4,038

Race

White

2,006

25.18

180

27.87

151

35.48

2,337

26.05

6,199

Black

419

24.41

27.46

33.76

471

25.13

1,037

American Indian/Alaska Native

21.51

45.84

24.48

Asian/Pacific Islander

285

24.8

29.73

33.02

331

25.62

923

Unknown

Duration

2000 - 2004

794

24.46

26.67

114

35.94

981

25.96

1,920

2005 - 2009

761

25.29

28.38

34.71

891

26.12

2,047

2010 - 2014

686

25.19

29.04

32.85

789

25.83

2,169

2015 - 2019

490

25.12

29.38

504

25.24

2,103

**Table 2.** SMRs for Each Cause of Death Following AML Diagnosis in All Patients
Causes	< 3 years	3 - 5 years	5 - 10 years	> 10 years	Total
*P < 0.05. N: number of cancer patients who died due to each cause of death; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CI: confidence interval; SMRs: standardized mortality ratios.
All causes of death	2,731	158.65* (152.76 - 164.72)	238	30.33* (26.59 - 34.43)	133	8.55* (7.16 - 10.13)	63	3.80* (2.92 - 4.86)	3,165	55.33* (53.42 - 57.29)
AML	2,004	29,490.15* (28,212.99 - 30,810.21)	153	4,808.54* (4,076.8 - 5,633.7)	64	1,012.92* (780.08 - 1,293.48)	24	393.46* (252.1 - 585.44)	2,245	10,024.39* (9,613.97 - 10,447.82)
Non-AML cancers	480	323.11* (294.85 - 353.35)	51	60.21* (44.83 - 79.17)	32	14.96* (10.24 - 21.13)	10	3.43* (1.65 - 6.31)	573	77.60* (71.38 - 84.22)
Non-cancer causes	247	15.77* (13.87 - 17.87)	34	4.88* (3.38 - 6.82)	37	2.77* (1.95 - 3.82)	29	2.13* (1.43 - 3.06)	347	7.00* (6.28 - 7.77)
Septicemia	11	76.68* (38.28 - 137.21)	2	28.70* (3.48 - 103.67)	2	13.09* (1.59 - 47.3)	1	5.32 (0.13 - 29.67)	16	28.90* (16.52 - 46.93)
Other infectious and parasitic diseases, including HIV	33	81.46* (56.07 - 114.4)	5	27.41* (8.9 - 63.96)	2	5.96 (0.72 - 21.54)	1	3.39 (0.09 - 18.89)	41	33.66* (24.16 - 45.67)
Diabetes mellitus	2	8.22 (1 - 29.71)	0	0 (0 - 26.25)	0	0 (0 - 10.57)	1	2.06 (0.05 - 11.49)	3	2.46 (0.51 - 7.2)
Alzheimer’s (ICD-9 and 10 only)	1	1,571.98* (39.8 - 8,758.52)	0	0 (0 - 7,389.64)	0	0 (0 - 1,912.48)	0	0 (0 - 572.99)	1	105.24* (2.66 - 586.36)
Cardiovascular diseases	15	10.55* (5.91 - 17.4)	3	3.71 (0.77 - 10.85)	7	3.51* (1.41 - 7.23)	6	2.23 (0.82 - 4.85)	31	4.48* (3.05 - 6.36)
Cerebrovascular diseases	8	33.29* (14.37 - 65.59)	3	22.41* (4.62 - 65.5)	0	0 (0 - 11.53)	0	0 (0 - 9.17)	11	10.03* (5.01 - 17.95)
Pneumonia and influenza	11	64.05* (31.97 - 114.6)	2	24.53* (2.97 - 88.6)	2	11.58* (1.4 - 41.83)	1	5.27 (0.13 - 29.36)	16	25.98* (14.85 - 42.2)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions	5	43.98* (14.28 - 102.62)	0	0 (0 - 61.33)	5	32.17* (10.45 - 75.08)	1	3.68 (0.09 - 20.49)	11	18.30* (9.13 - 32.74)
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	0	0 (0 - 13.24)	0	0 (0 - 20.75)	1	2.06 (0.05 - 11.48)	1	1.49 (0.04 - 8.32)	2	1.24 (0.15 - 4.48)
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis	0	0 (0 - 36.53)	1	19.16 (0.48 - 106.73)	0	0 (0 - 30.57)	2	12.54* (1.52 - 45.32)	3	6.92* (1.43 - 20.23)
Accidents and adverse effects	10	1.99 (0.95 - 3.66)	0	0 (0 - 1.57)	4	0.92 (0.25 - 2.36)	5	1.35 (0.44 - 3.15)	19	1.23 (0.74 - 1.92)
Suicide and self-inflicted injury	2	1.14 (0.14 - 4.13)	2	2.35 (0.28 - 8.49)	1	0.61 (0.02 - 3.39)	2	1.42 (0.17 - 5.14)	7	1.24 (0.5 - 2.55)
Other causes of death	149	25.86* (21.87 - 30.36)	16	7.78* (4.45 - 12.64)	13	3.97* (2.12 - 6.8)	8	2.55* (1.1 - 5.02)	186	13.07* (11.26 - 15.09)

Table 2. SMRs for Each Cause of Death Following AML Diagnosis in All Patients

Causes

< 3 years

3 - 5 years

5 - 10 years

> 10 years

Total

Observed (n)

SMR (95% CI)

Observed (n)

SMR (95% CI)

Observed (n)

SMR (95% CI)

Observed (n)

SMR (95% CI)

Observed (n)

SMR (95% CI)

*P < 0.05. N: number of cancer patients who died due to each cause of death; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CI: confidence interval; SMRs: standardized mortality ratios.

All causes of death

2,731

158.65* (152.76 - 164.72)

238

30.33* (26.59 - 34.43)

133

8.55* (7.16 - 10.13)

3.80* (2.92 - 4.86)

3,165

55.33* (53.42 - 57.29)

AML

2,004

29,490.15* (28,212.99 - 30,810.21)

153

4,808.54* (4,076.8 - 5,633.7)

1,012.92* (780.08 - 1,293.48)

393.46* (252.1 - 585.44)

2,245

10,024.39* (9,613.97 - 10,447.82)

Non-AML cancers

480

323.11* (294.85 - 353.35)

60.21* (44.83 - 79.17)

14.96* (10.24 - 21.13)

3.43* (1.65 - 6.31)

573

77.60* (71.38 - 84.22)

Non-cancer causes

247

15.77* (13.87 - 17.87)

4.88* (3.38 - 6.82)

2.77* (1.95 - 3.82)

2.13* (1.43 - 3.06)

347

7.00* (6.28 - 7.77)

Septicemia

76.68* (38.28 - 137.21)

28.70* (3.48 - 103.67)

13.09* (1.59 - 47.3)

5.32 (0.13 - 29.67)

28.90* (16.52 - 46.93)

Other infectious and parasitic diseases, including HIV

81.46* (56.07 - 114.4)

27.41* (8.9 - 63.96)

5.96 (0.72 - 21.54)

3.39 (0.09 - 18.89)

33.66* (24.16 - 45.67)

Diabetes mellitus

8.22 (1 - 29.71)

0 (0 - 26.25)

0 (0 - 10.57)

2.06 (0.05 - 11.49)

2.46 (0.51 - 7.2)

Alzheimer’s (ICD-9 and 10 only)

1,571.98* (39.8 - 8,758.52)

0 (0 - 7,389.64)

0 (0 - 1,912.48)

0 (0 - 572.99)

105.24* (2.66 - 586.36)

Cardiovascular diseases

10.55* (5.91 - 17.4)

3.71 (0.77 - 10.85)

3.51* (1.41 - 7.23)

2.23 (0.82 - 4.85)

4.48* (3.05 - 6.36)

Cerebrovascular diseases

33.29* (14.37 - 65.59)

22.41* (4.62 - 65.5)

0 (0 - 11.53)

0 (0 - 9.17)

10.03* (5.01 - 17.95)

Pneumonia and influenza

64.05* (31.97 - 114.6)

24.53* (2.97 - 88.6)

11.58* (1.4 - 41.83)

5.27 (0.13 - 29.36)

25.98* (14.85 - 42.2)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions

43.98* (14.28 - 102.62)

0 (0 - 61.33)

32.17* (10.45 - 75.08)

3.68 (0.09 - 20.49)

18.30* (9.13 - 32.74)

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

0 (0 - 13.24)

0 (0 - 20.75)

2.06 (0.05 - 11.48)

1.49 (0.04 - 8.32)

1.24 (0.15 - 4.48)

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis

0 (0 - 36.53)

19.16 (0.48 - 106.73)

0 (0 - 30.57)

12.54* (1.52 - 45.32)

6.92* (1.43 - 20.23)

Accidents and adverse effects

1.99 (0.95 - 3.66)

0 (0 - 1.57)

0.92 (0.25 - 2.36)

1.35 (0.44 - 3.15)

1.23 (0.74 - 1.92)

Suicide and self-inflicted injury

1.14 (0.14 - 4.13)

2.35 (0.28 - 8.49)

0.61 (0.02 - 3.39)

1.42 (0.17 - 5.14)

1.24 (0.5 - 2.55)

Other causes of death

149

25.86* (21.87 - 30.36)

7.78* (4.45 - 12.64)

3.97* (2.12 - 6.8)

2.55* (1.1 - 5.02)

186

13.07* (11.26 - 15.09)