Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Review

Volume 14, Number 7, July 2022, pages 251-259

Carbapenemase Inhibitors: Updates on Developments in 2021

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The chemical structures of the various carbapenemase inhibitors (biomodel.uah.es).

Tables

Table 1. Summary and Classification of Carbapenemases Enzymes
 
Ambler Classification SystemActive siteCarbapenemases enzymes
Chromosomally encodedPlasmid/transposon/integron-encoded
Class ASerine-beta-lactamasesSME, NmcA, SFC-1, BIC-1, PenA, FPH-1, SHV-38KPC, GES, FRI-1, NmcA
Class BMetallo-beta-lactamasesCcrA, CphA, L1GIM, IMP, VIM, SIM
Class CSerine-beta-lactamasesACT-1, ADC-68CMY-2, CMY-10, DHA-1
Class DSerine-beta-lactamasesOXA-23, OXA-24/40, OXA-58, OXA-143, OXA-235a, OXA-134a, OXA-211, OXA-213, OXA-214, OXA-229OXA-48, OXA-58, OXA-51

 

Table 2. Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogens and Their Therapies
 
New beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitorMain bacterial targets
Carbapenem-resistant A. baumanniiCarbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosaCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
SBLsMBLsSBLsMBLsSBLsMBLs
SBLs: serine β-lactamases; MBLs: metallo-β-lactamase; Y: yes; N: no.
Diazabicyclooctane derived inhibitors
  Ceftazidime/avibactamYY
  Imipenem/relebactam
  Aztreonam/avibactamYY
  Cefepime/zidebactamYYYY
  Sulbactam/durlobactamY
  Meropenem (or cefepime, or aztreonem)/nacubactamYYY
  Cefpodoxime/ETX1317YY
  Meropenem/WCK 4234YNYN
  GT-1/GT-055YYYY
Boronic acid derivative inhibitors
  Meropenem/vaborbactam
  Cefepime (or meropenem)/taniborbactamYYYY
  VNRX-7145/ceftibutenY
  Meropenem/QPX7728YYYYYY
β-lactam derived inhibitors
  Cefepime/enmetazobactamY
  Imipenem/LN-1-255YY