J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 3, March 2022, pages 119-125

Relationship Between ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

**Table 1.** Bio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants According to ABO Blood Group Type
Bio-demographic data	Total	Blood group	P-value
P: Pearson X² test. ^aExact probability test. *P < 0.05 (significant).
Age in years											0.114
< 50	39	19.6%	10	25.6%	6	15.4%	2	5.1%	21	53.8%
50 - 59	50	25.1%	18	36.0%	9	18.0%	1	2.0%	22	44.0%
60 - 69	40	20.1%	10	25.0%	0	0.0%	3	7.5%	27	67.5%
70+	70	35.2%	21	30.0%	11	15.7%	7	10.0%	31	44.3%
Gender											0.880
Male	103	51.8%	33	32.0%	13	12.6%	7	6.8%	50	48.5%
Female	96	48.2%	26	27.1%	13	13.5%	6	6.3%	51	53.1%
Body mass index											0.357
Normal	81	40.7%	21	25.9%	13	16.0%	5	6.2%	42	51.9%
Overweight	72	36.2%	18	25.0%	8	11.1%	5	6.9%	41	56.9%
Obese	46	23.1%	20	43.5%	5	10.9%	3	6.5%	18	39.1%
Rhesus factor (Rh factor)											0.631^a
Positive	184	92.5%	55	29.9%	25	13.6%	11	6.0%	93	50.5%
Negative	15	7.5%	4	26.7%	1	6.7%	2	13.3%	8	53.3%
Co-morbidities	118	59.3%	41	34.7%	15	12.7%	9	7.6%	53	44.9%	0.168
Smoking	5	2.5%	1	20.0%	1	20.0%	0	0.0%	3	60.0%	0.865^a
History of cancer	34	17.1%	7	20.6%	4	11.8%	6	17.6%	17	50.0%	0.030*^a
History of hepatitis	8	4.0%	1	12.5%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	7	87.5%	0.197^a
History of inflammatory bowel disease	2	1.0%	1	50.0%	1	50.0%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.314^a
Family history of colorectal cancer	6	3.0%	1	16.7%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	5	83.3%	0.408^a
History of hormone therapy	8	4.0%	2	25.0%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	6	75.0%	0.447^a

Table 1. Bio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants According to ABO Blood Group Type

Bio-demographic data

Total

Blood group

P-value

A group

B group

AB group

O group

No.

P: Pearson X² test. ^aExact probability test. *P < 0.05 (significant).

Age in years

0.114

< 50

19.6%

25.6%

15.4%

5.1%

53.8%

50 - 59

25.1%

36.0%

18.0%

2.0%

44.0%

60 - 69

20.1%

25.0%

0.0%

7.5%

67.5%

70+

35.2%

30.0%

15.7%

10.0%

44.3%

Gender

0.880

Male

103

51.8%

32.0%

12.6%

6.8%

48.5%

Female

48.2%

27.1%

13.5%

6.3%

53.1%

Body mass index

0.357

Normal

40.7%

25.9%

16.0%

6.2%

51.9%

Overweight

36.2%

25.0%

11.1%

6.9%

56.9%

Obese

23.1%

43.5%

10.9%

6.5%

39.1%

Rhesus factor (Rh factor)

0.631^a

Positive

184

92.5%

29.9%

13.6%

6.0%

50.5%

Negative

7.5%

26.7%

6.7%

13.3%

53.3%

Co-morbidities

118

59.3%

34.7%

12.7%

7.6%

44.9%

0.168

Smoking

2.5%

20.0%

0.0%

60.0%

0.865^a

History of cancer

17.1%

20.6%

11.8%

17.6%

50.0%

0.030*^a

History of hepatitis

4.0%

12.5%

0.0%

87.5%

0.197^a

History of inflammatory bowel disease

1.0%

50.0%

0.0%

0.314^a

Family history of colorectal cancer

3.0%

16.7%

0.0%

83.3%

0.408^a

History of hormone therapy

4.0%

25.0%

0.0%

75.0%

0.447^a

**Table 2.** Cancer-Related Data Among Study Participants According to ABO Blood Group Type
Cancer data	Total	Blood group	P-value
P: Pearson X² test. ^aExact probability test. *P < 0.05 (significant).
Diagnosis											0.111^a
Colon	155	77.9%	46	29.7%	23	14.8%	12	7.7%	74	47.7%
Rectal	41	20.6%	13	31.7%	3	7.3%	0	0.0%	25	61.0%
Metastasis	3	1.5%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	1	33.3%	2	66.7%
Differentiation											0.003*^a
Well	13	6.5%	3	23.1%	1	7.7%	3	23.1%	6	46.2%
Moderate	150	75.4%	48	32.0%	23	15.3%	4	2.7%	75	50.0%
Poor or mucinous	12	6.0%	3	25.0%	0	0.0%	2	16.7%	7	58.3%
Undifferentiated	7	3.5%	1	14.3%	0	0.0%	3	42.9%	3	42.9%
Unspecified	17	8.5%	4	23.5%	2	11.8%	1	5.9%	10	58.8%
Screening											0.364
No	141	70.9%	38	27.0%	18	12.8%	8	5.7%	77	54.6%
Yes	58	29.1%	21	36.2%	8	13.8%	5	8.6%	24	41.4%
Type of screening											0.067^a
Colonoscopy	51	87.9%	21	41.2%	7	13.7%	3	5.9%	20	39.2%
Sigmoidoscopy	5	8.6%	0	0.0%	1	20.0%	1	20.0%	3	60.0%

Table 2. Cancer-Related Data Among Study Participants According to ABO Blood Group Type

Cancer data

Total

Blood group

P-value

A group

B group

AB group

O group

No.

P: Pearson X² test. ^aExact probability test. *P < 0.05 (significant).

Diagnosis

0.111^a

Colon

155

77.9%

29.7%

14.8%

7.7%

47.7%

Rectal

20.6%

31.7%

7.3%

0.0%

61.0%

Metastasis

1.5%

0.0%

33.3%

66.7%

Differentiation

0.003*^a

Well

6.5%

23.1%

7.7%

23.1%

46.2%

Moderate

150

75.4%

32.0%

15.3%

2.7%

50.0%

Poor or mucinous

6.0%

25.0%

0.0%

16.7%

58.3%

Undifferentiated

3.5%

14.3%

0.0%

42.9%

Unspecified

8.5%

23.5%

11.8%

5.9%

58.8%

Screening

0.364

141

70.9%

27.0%

12.8%

5.7%

54.6%

Yes

29.1%

36.2%

13.8%

8.6%

41.4%

Type of screening

0.067^a

Colonoscopy

87.9%

41.2%

13.7%

5.9%

39.2%

Sigmoidoscopy

8.6%

0.0%

20.0%

60.0%

**Table 3.** Physical and Dietary Habits Among Study Participants According to ABO Blood Group Type
Physical and dietary habits	Total	Blood group	P-value
P: exact probability test. *P < 0.05 (significant).
Physical activity											0.577
Low	98	49.2%	25	25.5%	14	14.3%	8	8.2%	51	52.0%
Moderate	96	48.2%	32	33.3%	12	12.5%	4	4.2%	48	50.0%
High	5	2.5%	2	40.0%	0	0.0%	1	20.0%	2	40.0%
Processed meat usage											0.156
0 - 1 serving/week	137	68.8%	40	29.2%	19	13.9%	8	5.8%	70	51.1%
2 - 4 servings/week	56	28.1%	19	33.9%	6	10.7%	3	5.4%	28	50.0%
≥ 5 servings/week	6	3.0%	0	0.0%	1	16.7%	2	33.3%	3	50.0%
Red meat usage											0.037*
0 - 1 serving/week	103	51.8%	31	30.1%	14	13.6%	6	5.8%	52	50.5%
2 - 4 servings/week	87	43.7%	28	32.2%	11	12.6%	4	4.6%	44	50.6%
≥ 5 servings/week	9	4.5%	0	0.0%	1	11.1%	3	33.3%	5	55.6%
Fruits usage											0.598
0 - 1 serving/week	111	55.8%	30	27.0%	17	15.3%	8	7.2%	56	50.5%
2 - 4 servings/week	76	38.2%	25	32.9%	8	10.5%	3	3.9%	40	52.6%
≥ 5 servings/week	12	6.0%	4	33.3%	1	8.3%	2	16.7%	5	41.7%
Vegetable’s usage											0.668
0 - 1 serving/week	106	53.3%	29	27.4%	14	13.2%	8	7.5%	55	51.9%
2 - 4 servings/week	83	41.7%	29	34.9%	11	13.3%	4	4.8%	39	47.0%
≥ 5 servings/week	10	5.0%	1	10.0%	1	10.0%	1	10.0%	7	70.0%

Table 3. Physical and Dietary Habits Among Study Participants According to ABO Blood Group Type

Physical and dietary habits

Total

Blood group

P-value

A group

B group

AB group

O group

No.

P: exact probability test. *P < 0.05 (significant).

Physical activity

0.577

Low

49.2%

25.5%

14.3%

8.2%

52.0%

Moderate

48.2%

33.3%

12.5%

4.2%

50.0%

High

2.5%

40.0%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

Processed meat usage

0.156

0 - 1 serving/week

137

68.8%

29.2%

13.9%

5.8%

51.1%

2 - 4 servings/week

28.1%

33.9%

10.7%

5.4%

50.0%

≥ 5 servings/week

3.0%

0.0%

16.7%

33.3%

50.0%

Red meat usage

0.037*

0 - 1 serving/week

103

51.8%

30.1%

13.6%

5.8%

50.5%

2 - 4 servings/week

43.7%

32.2%

12.6%

4.6%

50.6%

≥ 5 servings/week

4.5%

0.0%

11.1%

33.3%

55.6%

Fruits usage

0.598

0 - 1 serving/week

111

55.8%

27.0%

15.3%

7.2%

50.5%

2 - 4 servings/week

38.2%

32.9%

10.5%

3.9%

52.6%

≥ 5 servings/week

6.0%

33.3%

8.3%

16.7%

41.7%

Vegetable’s usage

0.668

0 - 1 serving/week

106

53.3%

27.4%

13.2%

7.5%

51.9%

2 - 4 servings/week

41.7%

34.9%

13.3%

4.8%

47.0%

≥ 5 servings/week

5.0%

10.0%

70.0%

**Table 4.** Risk of Colon Cancer and Rectal Cancer According to ABO Blood Group Type
	Blood group
^aThe non-O category included individuals with blood groups A, B, and AB. Hazard ratios are compared to those of blood group O. ^bAdjusted for age, sex, family and medical history, screening, physical activity, and dietary habits. *Significant hazard ratio compared with the O blood group. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Cancer colon
No. of cases/No. of person-years	74/4,623	46/2,848	23/1,368	12/802	81/5,018
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	1	1.3 (0.59 - 2.7)	2.8 (0.78 - 5.61)	4.1 (1.3 - 9.4)*	1.7 (1.1 - 4.2)*
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^b	1	1.2 (0.53 - 2.8)	2.7 (0.72 - 5.9)	3.1 (1.5 - 10.5)*	1.8 (1.1 - 4.2)*
Rectal cancer
No. of cases/No. of person-years	27/1,500	13/868	3/192	1/76	17/1,136
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	1	0.97 (0.37 - 1.7)	0.35 (0.10 - 1.3)	0.24 (0.03 - 1.9)	0.59 (0.29 - 1.17)
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^b	1	0.82 (0.36 - 1.9)	0.37 (0.10 - 1.4)	0.32 (0.4 - 2.8)	0.56 (0.26 - 1.18)

Table 4. Risk of Colon Cancer and Rectal Cancer According to ABO Blood Group Type

Blood group

Non-O^a

^aThe non-O category included individuals with blood groups A, B, and AB. Hazard ratios are compared to those of blood group O. ^bAdjusted for age, sex, family and medical history, screening, physical activity, and dietary habits. *Significant hazard ratio compared with the O blood group. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Cancer colon

No. of cases/No. of person-years

74/4,623

46/2,848

23/1,368

12/802

81/5,018

Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.3 (0.59 - 2.7)

2.8 (0.78 - 5.61)

4.1 (1.3 - 9.4)*

1.7 (1.1 - 4.2)*

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^b

1.2 (0.53 - 2.8)

2.7 (0.72 - 5.9)

3.1 (1.5 - 10.5)*

1.8 (1.1 - 4.2)*

Rectal cancer

No. of cases/No. of person-years

27/1,500

13/868

3/192

1/76

17/1,136

Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)

0.97 (0.37 - 1.7)

0.35 (0.10 - 1.3)

0.24 (0.03 - 1.9)

0.59 (0.29 - 1.17)

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^b

0.82 (0.36 - 1.9)

0.37 (0.10 - 1.4)

0.32 (0.4 - 2.8)

0.56 (0.26 - 1.18)