J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 1, January 2022, pages 28-33

Demographic Undertones for Sepsis Mortality in a Community-Based Hospital

**Table 1.** Demographics and Other Characteristics of the Participants (N = 913)
Variable	Overall (n = 913)	Expired (n = 106)	Survived (n = 807)	P value
Statistics presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), or n (row %). Percentages do not reflect missing values. P values: ^at-test, ^bPearson’s Chi-square test, ^cFisher’s exact test. DNR: do not resuscitate; CCA: comfort care arrest; CCO: comfort care only; DNI: do not intubate.
Age	62.74	69.26	61.88	< 0.0001^a
Sex				0.3965^b
Female	466 (51.0)	50	416
Male	447 (49.0)	56	391
Race				0.6630^b
White	749 (83.0)	89	660
Black	148 (16.4)	17	131
Other	6 (0.7)	0	6
Insurance				0.1234^c
Medicare	450 (49.4)	62	388
Medicaid	204 (22.4)	19	185
Private	239 (26.2)	25	214
Uninsured	18 (2.0)	0	18
Code status at admission				0.0006^b
DNR-CCA/DNI	45 (4.9)	6	39
DNR-CCA	50 (5.5)	15	35
DNR-CCO	3 (0.3)	1	2
Full code	814 (89.3)	84	730
Code status at discharge				< 0.0001^b
DNR-CCO	118 (13.0)	60	58
DNR-CCA ± DNI	190 (20.9)	34	156
Full code	600 (66.1)	12	588
Change in code status				< 0.0001^b
Yes	244 (27.0)	85	159
No	660 (73.0)	20	640
Diagnosis				< 0.0001^b
Septic shock	137 (15.0)	47	90
Severe sepsis	181 (19.8)	33	148
Sepsis	577 (63.2)	24	553
Pneumonia	18 (2.0)	2	16

Table 1. Demographics and Other Characteristics of the Participants (N = 913)

Variable

Overall (n = 913)

Expired (n = 106)

Survived (n = 807)

P value

Statistics presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), or n (row %). Percentages do not reflect missing values. P values: ^at-test, ^bPearson’s Chi-square test, ^cFisher’s exact test. DNR: do not resuscitate; CCA: comfort care arrest; CCO: comfort care only; DNI: do not intubate.

Age

62.74

69.26

61.88

< 0.0001^a

Sex

0.3965^b

Female

466 (51.0)

416

Male

447 (49.0)

391

Race

0.6630^b

White

749 (83.0)

660

Black

148 (16.4)

131

Other

6 (0.7)

Insurance

0.1234^c

Medicare

450 (49.4)

388

Medicaid

204 (22.4)

185

Private

239 (26.2)

214

Uninsured

18 (2.0)

Code status at admission

0.0006^b

DNR-CCA/DNI

45 (4.9)

DNR-CCA

50 (5.5)

DNR-CCO

3 (0.3)

Full code

814 (89.3)

730

Code status at discharge

< 0.0001^b

DNR-CCO

118 (13.0)

DNR-CCA ± DNI

190 (20.9)

156

Full code

600 (66.1)

588

Change in code status

< 0.0001^b

Yes

244 (27.0)

159

660 (73.0)

640

Diagnosis

< 0.0001^b

Septic shock

137 (15.0)

Severe sepsis

181 (19.8)

148

Sepsis

577 (63.2)

553

Pneumonia

18 (2.0)

**Table 2.** Comorbidities of Participants (N = 913)
Variable	Overall (n = 913)	Expired (n = 106)	Survived (n = 807)	P value
Statistics presented as n (row %). Percentages do not reflect missing values. P values: ^at-test, ^bPearson’s Chi-square test, ^cFisher’s exact test.
Arrhythmia	204 (22.3)	28 (13.7)	176 (86.3)	0.2845^b
Coronary artery disease	207 (22.7)	35 (16.9)	172 (83.1)	0.0068^b
Cancer	127 (13.9)	24 (18.9)	103 (81.1)	0.0057^b
Congestive heart failure	166 (18.2)	28 (16.9)	138 (83.1)	0.0194^b
Diabetes	325 (35.6)	32 (9.9)	293 (90.2)	0.2161^b
Hyperlipidemia	276 (30.2)	42 (15.2)	234 (84.8)	0.0251^b
Hypertension	460 (50.4)	62 (13.5)	398 (86.5)	0.0758^b
Immunocompromised	58 (6.4)	10 (17.2)	48 (82.8)	0.1665^b
IV drug use	28 (3.1)	1 (3.6)	27 (96.4)	0.2385^c
Chronic lung disease	60 (6.6)	13 (21.7)	47 (78.3)	0.0119^b
Obesity	219 (24.0)	16 (7.3)	203 (92.7)	0.0226^b
Chronic respiratory failure	93 (10.2)	12 (12.9)	81 (87.1)	0.6812^b
Valvular heart disease	51 (5.6)	9 (17.7)	42 (82.4)	0.1660^b

Table 2. Comorbidities of Participants (N = 913)

Variable

Overall (n = 913)

Expired (n = 106)

Survived (n = 807)

P value

Statistics presented as n (row %). Percentages do not reflect missing values. P values: ^at-test, ^bPearson’s Chi-square test, ^cFisher’s exact test.

Arrhythmia

204 (22.3)

28 (13.7)

176 (86.3)

0.2845^b

Coronary artery disease

207 (22.7)

35 (16.9)

172 (83.1)

0.0068^b

Cancer

127 (13.9)

24 (18.9)

103 (81.1)

0.0057^b

Congestive heart failure

166 (18.2)

28 (16.9)

138 (83.1)

0.0194^b

Diabetes

325 (35.6)

32 (9.9)

293 (90.2)

0.2161^b

Hyperlipidemia

276 (30.2)

42 (15.2)

234 (84.8)

0.0251^b

Hypertension

460 (50.4)

62 (13.5)

398 (86.5)

0.0758^b

Immunocompromised

58 (6.4)

10 (17.2)

48 (82.8)

0.1665^b

IV drug use

28 (3.1)

1 (3.6)

27 (96.4)

0.2385^c

Chronic lung disease

60 (6.6)

13 (21.7)

47 (78.3)

0.0119^b

Obesity

219 (24.0)

16 (7.3)

203 (92.7)

0.0226^b

Chronic respiratory failure

93 (10.2)

12 (12.9)

81 (87.1)

0.6812^b

Valvular heart disease

51 (5.6)

9 (17.7)

42 (82.4)

0.1660^b

**Table 3.** Multiple Logistic Regression Estimates of the Effect of Code Status, Insurance, and Ethnicity on Hospital Mortality (The Adjusted Factors Are Age, Code Status, Diagnosis, and Gender)
Variable	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
CI: confidence intervals; DNR: do not resuscitate; CCA: comfort care arrest; CCO: comfort care only; DNI: do not intubate.
Code status on admission
DNR-CCO vs. full code	10.57 (0.80 - 140.55)	0.0741
DNR-CCA vs. full code	4.26 (1.84 - 9.86)	0.0007
DNR-CCA/DNI vs. full code	1.26 (0.46 - 3.49)	0.6569
Change in code status	12.09 (6.86 - 21.33)	< 0.0001
Insurance type
Medicaid vs. Medicare	1.22 (0.56 - 2.66)	0.6125
Private vs. Medicare	1.10 (0.60 - 2.01)	0.7621
Uninsured vs. Medicare	0.77 (0.04 - 15.75)	0.8658
Race
Black vs. White	1.59 (0.80 - 3.15)	0.1866
Other vs. White	1.65 (0.05 - 56.34)	0.7808
Age	1.00 (0.98 - 1.02)	0.6861
Diagnosis
Pneumonia vs. sepsis	2.94 (0.62 - 14.02)	0.1754
Septic shock vs. sepsis	6.53 (3.59 - 11.88)	< 0.0001
Severe sepsis vs. sepsis	3.15 (1.73 - 5.74)	0.0002

Table 3. Multiple Logistic Regression Estimates of the Effect of Code Status, Insurance, and Ethnicity on Hospital Mortality (The Adjusted Factors Are Age, Code Status, Diagnosis, and Gender)

Variable

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

CI: confidence intervals; DNR: do not resuscitate; CCA: comfort care arrest; CCO: comfort care only; DNI: do not intubate.

Code status on admission

DNR-CCO vs. full code

10.57 (0.80 - 140.55)

0.0741

DNR-CCA vs. full code

4.26 (1.84 - 9.86)

0.0007

DNR-CCA/DNI vs. full code

1.26 (0.46 - 3.49)

0.6569

Change in code status

12.09 (6.86 - 21.33)

< 0.0001

Insurance type

Medicaid vs. Medicare

1.22 (0.56 - 2.66)

0.6125

Private vs. Medicare

1.10 (0.60 - 2.01)

0.7621

Uninsured vs. Medicare

0.77 (0.04 - 15.75)

0.8658

Race

Black vs. White

1.59 (0.80 - 3.15)

0.1866

Other vs. White

1.65 (0.05 - 56.34)

0.7808

Age

1.00 (0.98 - 1.02)

0.6861

Diagnosis

Pneumonia vs. sepsis

2.94 (0.62 - 14.02)

0.1754

Septic shock vs. sepsis

6.53 (3.59 - 11.88)

< 0.0001

Severe sepsis vs. sepsis

3.15 (1.73 - 5.74)

0.0002