J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Review

Volume 13, Number 4, April 2021, pages 204-213

Review of COVID-19 Vaccines Approved in the United States of America for Emergency Use

Figure 2. COVID-19 vaccines in clinical development phase. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019. Reference: Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines. Accessed January 17, 2021.

Figure 3. Route of administration of vaccines in clinical development phase. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019. Reference: Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines. Accessed January 17, 2021.

Figure 4. Injectable vaccines in clinical development phase. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019. Reference: Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines. Accessed January 17, 2021.

**Table 1.** Vaccines Approved in USA and Other Countries for Emergency Use
Country of development	Developer	Type of vaccine	Usage
USA: United States of America; UK: United Kingdom; EU: European Union; UAE: United Arab Emirates.
USA/Germany	Pfizer-BioNTech	mRNA	Approved in several countries. Emergency use in USA, EU, UK, Bahrain, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, etc.
USA	Moderna	mRNA	Approved in Switzerland. Emergency use in USA, UK and EU
Russia	Gamaleya	Viral vector	Early use in Russia
UK/Sweden	Oxford-AstraZeneca	Viral vector	Emergency use in UK and EU
China	CanSino	Viral vector	Approved in China
USA/Belgium	Johnson and Johnson	Viral vector	Emergency use in USA and Bahrain
Russia	Vector Institute	Protein subunit	Early use in Russia
China	Sinopharm	Inactivated virus	Approved in China, UAE and Bahrain. Emergency use in Egypt
China	Sinovac	Inactivated virus	Approved in China. Emergency use in Brazil
China	Sinopharm-Wuhan	Inactivated virus	Limited use in China and UAE
India	Bharat biotech	Inactivated virus	Emergency use in India

Table 1. Vaccines Approved in USA and Other Countries for Emergency Use

Country of development

Developer

Type of vaccine

Usage

USA: United States of America; UK: United Kingdom; EU: European Union; UAE: United Arab Emirates.

USA/Germany

Pfizer-BioNTech

mRNA

Approved in several countries. Emergency use in USA, EU, UK, Bahrain, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, etc.

USA

Moderna

mRNA

Approved in Switzerland. Emergency use in USA, UK and EU

Russia

Gamaleya

Viral vector

Early use in Russia

UK/Sweden

Oxford-AstraZeneca

Viral vector

Emergency use in UK and EU

China

CanSino

Viral vector

Approved in China

USA/Belgium

Johnson and Johnson

Viral vector

Emergency use in USA and Bahrain

Russia

Vector Institute

Protein subunit

Early use in Russia

China

Sinopharm

Inactivated virus

Approved in China, UAE and Bahrain. Emergency use in Egypt

China

Sinovac

Inactivated virus

Approved in China. Emergency use in Brazil

China

Sinopharm-Wuhan

Inactivated virus

Limited use in China and UAE

India

Bharat biotech

Inactivated virus

Emergency use in India

**Table 2.** Side Effects From Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 vaccine	Common side effects	Other adverse effects
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.
Pfizer-BioNTech	Fever, cough, fatigue, headache, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, or vomiting, local injection site redness or swelling.	Lymphadenopathy, Bell’s palsy, paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia, right leg paresthesia and shoulder injury.
Moderna	Fever, local pain, swelling, tenderness and erythema at the injection site. Axillary lymphadenopathy, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, chills and nausea/vomiting.	Hypersensitivity reactions, Bell’s palsy and some other lymphadenopathy.
Janssen	Mild to moderate febrile episode, injection site pain, fatigue, headache and myalgia.

Table 2. Side Effects From Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 Vaccines

COVID-19 vaccine

Common side effects

Other adverse effects

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.

Pfizer-BioNTech

Fever, cough, fatigue, headache, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, or vomiting, local injection site redness or swelling.

Lymphadenopathy, Bell’s palsy, paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia, right leg paresthesia and shoulder injury.

Moderna

Fever, local pain, swelling, tenderness and erythema at the injection site. Axillary lymphadenopathy, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, chills and nausea/vomiting.

Hypersensitivity reactions, Bell’s palsy and some other lymphadenopathy.

Janssen

Mild to moderate febrile episode, injection site pain, fatigue, headache and myalgia.