Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 12, December 2020, pages 803-808


Substance Use Patterns and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective Study of Inpatients at a Community Teaching Hospital

Tables

Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population
 
VariablesSubstance useP value
Yes (n = 268)No (n = 81)
*Based on two sample t-test for independent samples. All other analyses in Table 1 are based on χ2 test. Note that all patients included in this study were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). AA: African American.
Age (years ± SD)41.7 ± 12.143.3 ± 15.10.326*
Age category, n (%)0.652
  18 - 42140 (52.24)40 (49.38)
  > 42128 (47.76)41 (50.62)
Sex, n (%)0.001
  Female66 (24.63)37 (45.68)
  Male199 (74.25)43 (53.09)
  Trans female3 (1.12)1 (1.23)
Race, n (%)0.008
  Black or AA217 (80.97)53 (65.43)
  White13 (4.85)10 (12.35)
  Hispanic33 (12.31)13 (16.05)
  Other5 (1.87)5 (6.17)
Length of stay (days ± SD)13.8 ± 13.315.7 ± 11.20.253
Length of stay category, n (%)0.326
  0 - 12 days162 (60.45)44 (54.32)
  > 12 days106 (39.55)37 (45.68)
Marital status, n (%)0.578
  Single254 (94.78)78 (96.30)
  Married14 (5.22)3 (3.70)
Employment status, n (%)0.688
  Unemployed259 (96.64)79 (97.53)
  Employed9 (3.36)2 (2.47)
Living arrangement, n (%)0.984
  Homeless136 (50.75)41 (50.62)
  Domiciled132 (49.25)40 (49.38)
Readmitted within 30 days, n (%)0.616
  No229 (85.45)71 (87.65)
  Yes39 (14.55)10 (12.35)

 

Table 2. Frequency Distribution of the Substances Used in the Study Population
 
VariableN%
Alcohol
  No20559.8
  Yes13840.2
Amphetamine
  No31698.1
  Yes61.9
Benzodiazepine
  No31496.6
  Yes63.4
Cannabis
  No18958.5
  Yes13441.5
Cocaine
  No23672.6
  Yes8927.4
K2 (synthetic cannabinoids)
  No21793.1
  Yes166.9
Opioids
  No31295.7
  Yes144.3
Tobacco
  No12937.7
  Yes21362.3

 

Table 3. Unadjusted Odds Ratios (ORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and P Values From Bivariate Logistic Regression Models in Patients Using Tobacco
 
VariablesUnadjusted OR95% CIP value
Alcohol use
  Yes vs. No7.244.14 - 12.670.000
Amphetamine use
  Yes vs. No3.090.36 - 26.740.307
Benzodiazepine use
  Yes vs. No2.780.59 - 13.100.196
Cannabis use
  Yes vs. No2.81.70 - 4.590.000
Cocaine
  Yes vs. No52.60 - 9.520.000
K2 use
  Yes vs. No4.621.02 - 20.990.048
Opioids
  Yes vs. No2.260.62 - 8.270.218

 

Table 4. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and P values From Multivariate Logistic Regression Model in Patients Using Tobaccoa
 
VariablesAdjusted OR95% CIP value
aAll the covariates in the bivariate analyses in Table 3, were included in the multivariate model regardless of statistical significance.
Alcohol use
  Yes vs. No2.31.12 - 4.720.023
Amphetamine use
  Yes vs. No2.350.20 - 27.030.493
Benzodiazepine use
  Yes vs. No2.620.23 - 29.650.436
Cannabis use
  Yes vs. No2.941.58 - 5.480.001
Cocaine use
  Yes vs. No3.41.45 - 7.970.005
K2 use
  Yes vs. No2.220.40 - 12.370.362
Opioids
  Yes vs. No1.820.40 - 8.320.442