J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 11, November 2020, pages 687-692

The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Quaternary Hospital in Canada

**Table 1.** Demographics and Chief Complaints of All Patients on the Day of Their EGD for *H. pylori* Infection Detection (N = 500)
	N	%
^aSmoking status information is available only for 331 patients; ^bAlcohol consumption information is available only for 317 patients. EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; SD: standard deviation; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.
Male sex	214	43%
Age: years mean ± SD	58 ± 8
≤ 50 years old	174	35%
Current smoker (tobacco)^a	89	27%
Alcohol^b (> 10 consumptions per week)	49	16%
Race (n = 438)
Caucasian	350	70%
South American	43	9%
African	32	6%
Asian	13	3%
Unknown	62	12%
Symptoms (n = 500)
Epigastric pain	218	44%
Pyrosis/GERD	122	24%
Dysphagia	61	12%
Anemia	60	12%
Nausea/vomiting	56	11%
Hematemesis	43	9%
Loss of appetite	39	8%
Diarrhea	22	4%
Other	35	7%
Number of symptoms (n = 500)
1 symptom	341	68%
2 symptoms	132	26%
3 symptoms	23	5%
4 symptoms	4	1%

Table 1. Demographics and Chief Complaints of All Patients on the Day of Their EGD for H. pylori Infection Detection (N = 500)

^aSmoking status information is available only for 331 patients; ^bAlcohol consumption information is available only for 317 patients. EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; SD: standard deviation; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Male sex

214

43%

Age: years mean ± SD

58 ± 8

≤ 50 years old

174

35%

Current smoker (tobacco)^a

27%

Alcohol^b (> 10 consumptions per week)

16%

Race (n = 438)

Caucasian

350

70%

South American

African

Asian

Unknown

12%

Symptoms (n = 500)

Epigastric pain

218

44%

Pyrosis/GERD

122

24%

Dysphagia

12%

Anemia

12%

Nausea/vomiting

11%

Hematemesis

Loss of appetite

Diarrhea

Other

Number of symptoms (n = 500)

1 symptom

341

68%

2 symptoms

132

26%

3 symptoms

4 symptoms

**Table 2.** Comparison of Patients’ *H. pylori* Status in Function of Their Demographic Characteristics
H. pylori	Positive, n (%)	Negative, n (%)	Univariate analysis (P value)	Multivariate analysis (OR, 95% CI)	Multivariate analysis (P value)
^aAlcohol use is defined as more than 10 drinks per week. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; NS: non-significant.
Sex			0.43
Men	31 (14%)	183 (86%)			NS
Women	34 (12%)	252 (88%)			NS
Age			0.27
< 50	25 (14%)	149 (86%)			NS
> 50	40 (12%)	206 (88%)			NS
Tobacco use^a			0.43
Yes	10 (11%)	79 (89%)			NS
No	33 (14%)	206 (86%)			NS
Alcohol use			0.85
Yes	4 (8%)	45 (92%)			NS
No	38 (14%)	227 (86%)			NS
Race			0.004
Caucasian	28 (8%)	322 (92%)		1	< 0.01
Asian	4 (31%)	9 (69%)		6.7 (1.7 - 26.5)	0.01
African	8 (25%)	24 (75%)		3.9 (1.1 - 14.0)	< 0.01
South American	15 (35%)	28 (65%)		3.7 (1.3 - 10.1)	0.03

Table 2. Comparison of Patients’ H. pylori Status in Function of Their Demographic Characteristics

H. pylori

Positive, n (%)

Negative, n (%)

Univariate analysis (P value)

Multivariate analysis (OR, 95% CI)

Multivariate analysis (P value)

^aAlcohol use is defined as more than 10 drinks per week. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; NS: non-significant.

Sex

0.43

Men

31 (14%)

183 (86%)

Women

34 (12%)

252 (88%)

Age

0.27

< 50

25 (14%)

149 (86%)

> 50

40 (12%)

206 (88%)

Tobacco use^a

0.43

Yes

10 (11%)

79 (89%)

33 (14%)

206 (86%)

Alcohol use

0.85

Yes

4 (8%)

45 (92%)

38 (14%)

227 (86%)

Race

0.004

Caucasian

28 (8%)

322 (92%)

< 0.01

Asian

4 (31%)

9 (69%)

6.7 (1.7 - 26.5)

0.01

African

8 (25%)

24 (75%)

3.9 (1.1 - 14.0)

< 0.01

South American

15 (35%)

28 (65%)

3.7 (1.3 - 10.1)

0.03

**Table 3.** Comparison of *H. pylori* Status in Function of Biopsies Location and PPI or Antibiotics Use at the Time of EGD
H. pylori	Positive, n (%)	Negative, n (%)	Univariate analysis (P value)
^aOnly done for the first 150 patients. EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.
Biopsies location^a			0.83
Corpus or antrum	12 (10%)	104 (90%)
Corpus and antrum	4 (12%)	30 (88%)
PPI or antibiotics at the time of EGD^a			0.73
Yes	7 (12%)	51 (88%)
No	9 (11%)	76 (89%)

Table 3. Comparison of H. pylori Status in Function of Biopsies Location and PPI or Antibiotics Use at the Time of EGD

H. pylori

Positive, n (%)

Negative, n (%)

Univariate analysis (P value)

^aOnly done for the first 150 patients. EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Biopsies location^a

0.83

Corpus or antrum

12 (10%)

104 (90%)

Corpus and antrum

4 (12%)

30 (88%)

PPI or antibiotics at the time of EGD^a

0.73

Yes

7 (12%)

51 (88%)

9 (11%)

76 (89%)