J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 4, April 2021, pages 230-236

Impact of Body Mass Index on COVID-19-Related In-Hospital Outcomes and Mortality

Figure 1. Baseline characteristics of patients in different groups. CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; AC: anticoagulation.

Figure 2. Forest plots comparing in-hospital endpoints across high and lower BMI groups. BMI: body mass index.

Figure 3. Mean BMI values and number of patients across different in-hospital endpoints. BMI: body mass index.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of the Included Population Across Comparison Groups
	BMI < 34.9	BMI > 35	P value
*P < 0.05. BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; AC: anticoagulation.
Male	76 (88.4%)	10 (11.6%)	0.001*
Female	61 (67.8%)	29 (32.2%)
CAD	24 (77.4%)	7 (22.6%)	0.95
COPD	14 (58.3%)	10 (41.7%)	0.013*
CKD	22 (68.8%)	10 (31.3%)	0.171
HTN	85 (74.6%)	29 (25.4%)	0.155
DM	43 (69.4%)	19 (30.6%)	0.046*
Tocilizumab	23 (71.9%)	9 (28.1%)	0.369
HCQ	109 (75.7%)	35 (24.3%)	0.146
Steroids	19 (63.3%)	11 (36.7%)	0.036*
AC	23 (67.6%)	11 (32.4%)	0.111

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Included Population Across Comparison Groups

BMI < 34.9

BMI > 35

P value

*P < 0.05. BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; AC: anticoagulation.

Male

76 (88.4%)

10 (11.6%)

0.001*

Female

61 (67.8%)

29 (32.2%)

CAD

24 (77.4%)

7 (22.6%)

0.95

COPD

14 (58.3%)

10 (41.7%)

0.013*

CKD

22 (68.8%)

10 (31.3%)

0.171

HTN

85 (74.6%)

29 (25.4%)

0.155

43 (69.4%)

19 (30.6%)

0.046*

Tocilizumab

23 (71.9%)

9 (28.1%)

0.369

HCQ

109 (75.7%)

35 (24.3%)

0.146

Steroids

19 (63.3%)

11 (36.7%)

0.036*

23 (67.6%)

11 (32.4%)

0.111

**Table 2.** Mean BMI Values Across Different Outcomes and Medication Groups
Outcome	N	BMI, mean ± SD	Mean difference (95% CI)	P value
SD: standard deviations; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; AC: anticoagulation.
Alive	155	30.2 ± 8.9	-5.15 (-9.5 to -7.4)	0.022
Death	21	35.4 ± 13.8
No dialysis	166	30.6 ± 9.8	-3.3 (-9.6 to 2.90)	0.29
Dialysis	10	34.0 ± 6.6
No ventilator	116	29.2 ± 8.4	-4.7 (-7.7 to -1.7)	0.002
Ventilator	60	33.9 ± 11.2
No upgrade	120	30.1 ± 9.9	-2.2 (-5.3 to 0.82)	0.14
Upgrade	56	32.3 ± 9.1
No AC	142	30.3 ± 9.5	-2.7 (-6.4 to 9.0)	0.14
AC	34	33.1 ± 6.1
No steroids	146	29.8 ± 8.6	-5.8 (-9.6 to -2.09)	0.002
Steroids	30	35.7 ± 13
No tocilizumab	144	30.5 ± 10.3	-1.45 (-5.2 to 2.3)	0.44
Tocilizumab	32	32.0 ± 6.3
No HCQ	32	27.2 ± 6.17	-4.3 (-8.09 to -0.68)	0.21
HCQ	144	31.6 ± 10.20

Table 2. Mean BMI Values Across Different Outcomes and Medication Groups

Outcome

BMI, mean ± SD

Mean difference (95% CI)

P value

SD: standard deviations; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; AC: anticoagulation.

Alive

155

30.2 ± 8.9

-5.15 (-9.5 to -7.4)

0.022

Death

35.4 ± 13.8

No dialysis

166

30.6 ± 9.8

-3.3 (-9.6 to 2.90)

0.29

Dialysis

34.0 ± 6.6

No ventilator

116

29.2 ± 8.4

-4.7 (-7.7 to -1.7)

0.002

Ventilator

33.9 ± 11.2

No upgrade

120

30.1 ± 9.9

-2.2 (-5.3 to 0.82)

0.14

Upgrade

32.3 ± 9.1

No AC

142

30.3 ± 9.5

-2.7 (-6.4 to 9.0)

0.14

33.1 ± 6.1

No steroids

146

29.8 ± 8.6

-5.8 (-9.6 to -2.09)

0.002

Steroids

35.7 ± 13

No tocilizumab

144

30.5 ± 10.3

-1.45 (-5.2 to 2.3)

0.44

Tocilizumab

32.0 ± 6.3

No HCQ

27.2 ± 6.17

-4.3 (-8.09 to -0.68)

0.21

HCQ

144

31.6 ± 10.20

**Table 3.** Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios of Outcomes in Normal and Obese BMI Groups
Outcomes	N	BMI < 34	BMI > 35	Unadjusted odds	P value	Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)	P value
BMI: body mass index.
Vent	60	38 (28%)	22 (56%)	OR 3.3 (1.6 - 7.0)	0.002	aOR 2.6 (1.17 - 6.1)	0.01
No vent	116	99 (72%)	17 (44%)
Upgrade	56	38 (28%)	18 (46%)	OR 2.2 (1.07 - 4.6)	0.04	aOR 1.7 (0.7 - 3.9)	0.17
No upgrade	120	99 (72%)	21 (54%)
Dialysis	10	5 (4%)	5 (13%)	OR 3.8 (1.1 - 14.1)	0.07	aOR 3.6 (0.8 - 15.7)	0.08
No dialysis	166	132 (96%)	34 (87%)
Died	23	13 (9%)	10 (21%)	OR 3.2 (1.3 - 8.2)	0.01	aOR 2.9 (1.1 - 6.0)	0.02
Alive	153	124 (91%)	29 (79%)

Table 3. Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios of Outcomes in Normal and Obese BMI Groups

Outcomes

BMI < 34

BMI > 35

Unadjusted odds

P value

Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)

P value

BMI: body mass index.

Vent

38 (28%)

22 (56%)

OR 3.3 (1.6 - 7.0)

0.002

aOR 2.6 (1.17 - 6.1)

0.01

No vent

116

99 (72%)

17 (44%)

Upgrade

38 (28%)

18 (46%)

OR 2.2 (1.07 - 4.6)

0.04

aOR 1.7 (0.7 - 3.9)

0.17

No upgrade

120

99 (72%)

21 (54%)

Dialysis

5 (4%)

5 (13%)

OR 3.8 (1.1 - 14.1)

0.07

aOR 3.6 (0.8 - 15.7)

0.08

No dialysis

166

132 (96%)

34 (87%)

Died

13 (9%)

10 (21%)

OR 3.2 (1.3 - 8.2)

0.01

aOR 2.9 (1.1 - 6.0)

0.02

Alive

153

124 (91%)

29 (79%)