Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 4, April 2020, pages 243-250


Cannabis Use in Inpatients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders at a Community Hospital

Tables

Table 1. Characteristics of Baseline Study Population by Cannabis Use(CU)a
 
VariablesCannabis users (41.5%, n = 133)Non-cannabis users (58.5%, n = 189)Total (100%, n = 322)
aNote that all patients included in this study were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). bBased on Wilcoxon two-sample test, and all other analyses are based on χ2 test. IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
Age group (%, n)
  Young adults (18 - 42 )66.9 (89)41.8 (79)52.2 (168)
  Older adults (≥ 43)33.1 (44)67.2 (110)47.8 (154)
Median age (IQR, SD)36 (19, 10.7)46 (22, 13.5)< 0.0001b
Mean length of stay, days (IQR, SD)11 (7, 13.2)12 (9, 10.1)0.0268b
Gender (%, n)
  Male77.4 (103)64.0 (121)69.6 (224)
  Female21.8 (29)34.9 (66)29.5 (95)
  Transfemale0.75 (1)1.1 (2)1.0 (3)
Race (%, n)
  African American78.2 (104)76.2 (144)77.0 (248)
  White5.2 (7)8.5 (16)7.1 (23)
  Hispanic15.0 (20)11.6 (22)13.0 (42)
  Others1.5 (2)3.7 (7)2.8 (9)
Employment status (%, n)
  Unemployed97.7 (130)95.8 (181)96.6 (311)
  Employed2.3 (3)4.2 (8)3.4 (11)
Marital status (%, n)
  Single95.5 (127)95.3 (180)95.3 (307)
  Married4.5 (6)4.8 (9)4.7 (15)
Living arrangement (%, n)
  Homeless53.4 (71)49.2 (93)50.1 (164)
  Domiciled46.6 (62)50.8 (96)49.1 (158)
Readmitted within 30 days (%, n)
  Yes12.0 (16)15.3 (29)14.0 (45)
  No87.9 (117)84.7 (160)6.0 (277)
Tobacco use (%, n)
  Yes74.4 (99)49.7 (94)60.0 (193)
  No24.1 (32)45.0 (85)36.3 (117)
Amphetamine use (%, n)
  Yes2.3 (3)1.6 (3)1.9 (6)
  No97.7 (130)97.9 (185)97.8 (315)
Alcohol use (%, n)
  Yes43.6 (58)34.4 (65)38.2 (123)
  No54.9 (73)61.9 (117)59.0 (190)
Cocaine use (%, n)
  Yes31.2 (42)24.3 (46)27.2 (88)
  No68.4 (92)75.7 (143)72.7 (234)
Synthetic cannabinoid use (%, n)
  Yes6.0 (8)3.2 (6)4.3 (14)
  No70.2 (94)61.9 (117)65.3 (211)
Opioids use (%, n)
  Yes3.0 (4)5.3 (10)4.3 (14)
  No97.0 (129)179 (94.7)95.7 (308)
Co-occurring substance use (%, n)
  Yes100 (133)59.8 (113)76.4 (246)
  No0 (0)40.2 (76)23.6 (76)
Benzodiazepine use (%, n)
  Yes1.5 (2)4.8 (9)3.4 (11)
  No98.5 (131)95.2 (180)96.6 (311)

 

Table 2. Unadjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) of Cannabis Use in Relation to Sociodemographic Factors, Substance Use Status and Hospital Length of Stay, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and P Values From Bivariate Logistic Regression Models (n = 322)a
 
VariablesUnadjusted ORb95% CIP-value
aNote that all patients included in this study were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). bNote that 42 missing cases for cannabis use were removed from analysis (i.e. 364 - 42 = 322).
Age
  Young vs. older adults2.821.77 - 4.47< 0.0001
Gender
  Male vs. female2.942.16 - 3.220.0110
Race
  African American vs. White1.650.66 - 4.160.2873
  Hispanic vs. White2.080.70 - 6.090.1824
  Others vs. White0.650.11 - 3.970.6436
Employment status
  Unemployed vs. employed3.913.49 - 7.350.0443
Tobacco
  Smokers vs. non-smokers2.801.71 - 4.59< 0.0001
Marital status
  Single vs. married1.100.37 - 3.050.9167
Living arrangement
  Homeless vs. domiciled3.182.76 - 3.840.0205
Readmitted within 30 days
  Yes vs. no0.750.39 - 0.950.0195
Alcohol use
  Yes vs. no3.432.90 - 6.960.0267
Cocaine use
  Yes vs. no4.443.87 - 5.350.0321
Synthetic cannabinoid use
  Yes vs. no1.660.56 - 4.950.3636
Hospital length of stay
  > 12 days vs. 0 - 12 days3.462.93 - 4.310.0021

 

Table 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) of Cannabis Use in Relation to Sociodemographic Factors, Substance Use Status and Hospital Length of Stay, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and P Values From Multivariate Logistic Regression Model (n = 322)
 
VariablesaAdjusted OR95% CIP-value
aAll covariates in the unadjusted model (i.e. regardless of statistical significance) were included in the multivariate analysis.
Age
  Young vs. older adults3.361.96 - 5.76< 0.0001
Gender
  Male vs. female1.981.10 - 3.570.0223
Race
  African American vs. White1.150.40 - 3.300.7901
  Hispanic vs. White1.070.31 - 3.660.9117
  Others vs. White0.320.04 - 2.590.2870
Employment status
  Unemployed vs. employed2.291.53 - 6.900.0382
Tobacco
  Smokers vs. non-smokers2.761.55 - 4.910.0006
Marital status
  Single vs. married1.080.31 - 3.700.9084
Living arrangement
  Homeless vs. domiciled2.191.71 - 2.990.0151
Readmitted within 30 days
  Yes vs. no0.780.38 - 0.910.0334
Alcohol use
  Yes vs. no1.681.35 - 2.140.0340
Cocaine use
  Yes vs. no2.992.54 - 3.830.0184
Synthetic cannabinoid use
  Yes vs. no1.070.25 - 2.980.8251
Hospital length of stay
  > 12 days vs. 0 - 12 days2.411.83 - 3.390.0132

 

Table 4. Deviance and Pearson Goodness-of-Fit Statistics
 
CriterionValuedfValue/dfPearson χ2
Deviance219.842091.050.0017
Pearson223.472091.100.1179