Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 5, May 2020, pages 293-299


Reactive Hyperemia Index Associated With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Under Treatment for Lifestyle Diseases

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Reactive hyperemia indexes in all patients, the ASCVD and non-ASCVD groups. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. *P < 0.05.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Independent risk factors for ASCVD. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Age, RHI, male, smoking, HT and DLP were independent factors associated with ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI: body mass index; RHI: reactive hyperemia index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; CKD: chronic kidney disease.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. A receiver-operating characteristic curve of the cutoff value of RHI for ASCVD. The cutoff value of RHI was 1.80 and an area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0.58, 0.45 and 0.67, respectively. RHI: reactive hyperemia index; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Tables

Table 1. Patient Characteristics
 
VariablesAll (n = 483)ASCVD (n = 195)Non-ASCVD (n = 288)P value
P value shows the comparison with ASCVD vs. non-ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; MetS: metabolic syndrome; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein.
Age, years69 (62 - 76)72 (65 - 77)67 (61 - 75)< 0.001
Male, n (%)265 (55)147 (75)118 (41)< 0.001
BMI, kg/m224 (22 - 26)24.3 ± 3.124 (22 - 26)0.047
Smoking, n (%)208 (43)124 (64)84 (29)< 0.001
HT, n (%)357 (73.9)171 (87.7)186 (64.6)< 0.001
DM, n (%)116 (24)61 (31.3)55 (19.1)0.003
DLP, n (%)366 (75.8)170 (87.2)196 (68.1)< 0.001
MetS, n (%)172 (35.6)102 (52.3)70 (24.3)< 0.001
WBC, 103/µL5,400 (4,500 - 6,700)5,900 (4,800 - 7,100)5,200 (4,400 - 6,300)< 0.001
CRP, mg/dL0.06 (0.03 - 0.12)0.07 (0.04 - 0.16)0.05 (0.03 - 0.10)0.003

 

Table 2. Medications
 
VariablesAll (n = 483)ASCVD (n = 195)Non-ASCVD (n = 288)P value
P value shows the comparison with ASCVD vs. non-ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DPP-4I: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.
Anti-hypertension
  ARB/ACE-I, n (%)237 (49)125 (64)112 (39)< 0.001
  CCB, n (%)233 (48)114 (59)119 (41)< 0.001
  Beta-blocker, n (%)61 (13)35 (18)26 (9)0.004
  Others, n (%)74 (15)40 (21)34 (12)0.01
Anti-diabetes
  DPP-4I, n (%)77 (16)40 (21)37 (13)0.02
  Others, n (%)60 (12)34 (17)26 (9)0.006
Anti-dyslipidemia
  Statin, n (%)239 (50)128 (66)111 (39)< 0.001
  EPA, n (%)57 (12)35 (18)22 (8)< 0.001
  Others, n (%)29 (6)12 (6)17 (6)0.9