Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 3, March 2020, pages 165-171


Effects of Tofogliflozin on Cardiac Function in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Interaction plot in E/e′ between time, gender and age.

Tables

Table 1. Characteristics of the Patients
 
VariablesNumber of patients
DDP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; BG: biguanides; SU: sulphonylureas; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker.
Gender (N, male/female)18/24
Age (years)83.0 ± 7.6
NYHA I/II (III, IV: none)33/9
Co-administered drug
  DPP-433
  BG12
  SU10
  Insulin2
  ARB10
  β-blocker5
  CCB22
  Diuretics14

 

Table 2. Characteristics of Laboratory Test Results
 
VariablesBaseline1 monthP-value*
*Paired t-test. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
HbA1c (%)7.3 ± 1.17.1 ± 0.90.06
Body weight (kg)55.1 ± 12.252.7 ± 11.6< 0.01
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)137.4 ± 27.0124.1 ± 18.8< 0.01
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)74.5 ± 13.569.3 ± 11.4< 0.01
Hematocrit37.9 ± 6.938.4 ± 5.90.3
BNP (pg/mL)321.5 ± 805.7191.0 ± 371.00.08
eGFR63.1 ± 23.260.9 ± 30.50.4
BUN (mg/dL)19.1 ± 8.618.5 ± 7.70.6
Na+ (mEq/L)139.1 ± 4.0139.2 ± 3.50.9
K+ (mEq/L)4.2 ± 0.74.1 ± 0.60.4
Cl- (mEq/L)103.7 ± 4.1103.8 ± 5.50.9
Blood osmotic pressure (mOsm/L)293.0 ± 9.3291.7 ± 7.50.3
Renin (ng/mL)3.5 ± 5.27.0 ± 9.2< 0.01
Aldosterone (pg/mL)89.3 ± 48.6104.4 ± 59.7< 0.05

 

Table 3. Characteristics of Cardiac Function
 
VariablesBaseline1 monthP-value
*Paired t-test. EF: ejection fraction; E/A: early filling/atrial filling; E/e': change in inflow E and mitral e' annular velocities; LAD: left atrial dimension; IVCmax: maximal diameter of inferior vena cava.
EF63.6 ± 10.962.9 ± 11.00.1
E/A0.7 ± 0.30.6 ± 0.2< 0.05
E/e'12.6 ± 5.09.6 ± 3.2< 0.01
LAD (mm)39.7 ± 7.436.8 ± 7.3< 0.01
IVCmax (mm)13.7 ± 4.513.6 ± 4.20.6

 

Table 4. Results of Two-Factor Mixed Effect Model to Evaluate Effects and Interaction of E/e'
 
SOVdfSum sq.Mean sq.FProb > FSignificance
Analysis of variance table for the mixed effects model. SOV: source of variance; Sum sq.: sum of squares; df: degree of freedom; Mean sq.: mean squares; F: F statistic; Prob: probability. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.
Time176.676.68.00.01*
Subject23574.225.02.60.01*
Gender143.543.51.70.2
Time × gender130.330.33.20.09
Error23221.29.6
Total49984.120.1
Time181.281.27.70.01*
Subject23539.923.52.20.03*
Age (< 80 years)177.977.93.30.08
Time × age17.57.50.70.4
Error23243.910.6
Total49984.120.1