J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 12, December 2019, pages 773-779

Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis: Patterns of Epidemiology and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Texas, 2008 - 2016

**Table 1.** The Characteristics of Hospitalizations With Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis
Category	All	ICU^a	Non-ICU^b
^aICU: hospitalizations with admission to ICU. ^bNon-ICU: hospitalizations without admission to ICU. ^cGender was reported for 1,720 of all hospitalizations, 1,011 of ICU admissions and 709 of those without ICU; the percent figures for gender in each column refer to that column’s denominator for gender. ^dHome health denotes those hospital discharges requiring home health services. ^ePost-acute care denotes long-term care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. ^fDeath denotes hospitalizations with in-hospital death. ICU: intensive care unit.
Age (years)
18 - 44	409 (20.8)	196 (16.7)	213 (27)
45 - 64	674 (34.3)	441 (37.5)	233 (29.6)
≥ 65	881 (44.9)	539 (45.8)	342 (43.4)
Gender^c
Female	944 (54.9)	537 (53.1)	407 (57.4)
Male	776 (45.1)	474 (46.9)	302 (42.6)
Hospital disposition
All home	909 (46.3)	429 (36.5)	480 (60.9)
Home routine	648 (33)	315 (26.8)	333 (42.3)
Home health^d	261 (13.3)	114 (9.7)	147 (18.6)
Post-acute care^e	665 (33.9)	464 (39.5)	201 (25.5)
Another short-term hospital	103 (5.2)	50 (4.3)	53 (6.7)
Death^f or hospice	256 (13)	220 (18.7)	36 (4.6)
Death	172 (8.8)	146 (12.4)	26 (3.3)
Hospice	84 (4.2)	74 (6.3)	10 (1.3)

Table 1. The Characteristics of Hospitalizations With Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis

Category

All

ICU^a

Non-ICU^b

N = 1,964

N = 1,176

N = 788

^aICU: hospitalizations with admission to ICU. ^bNon-ICU: hospitalizations without admission to ICU. ^cGender was reported for 1,720 of all hospitalizations, 1,011 of ICU admissions and 709 of those without ICU; the percent figures for gender in each column refer to that column’s denominator for gender. ^dHome health denotes those hospital discharges requiring home health services. ^ePost-acute care denotes long-term care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. ^fDeath denotes hospitalizations with in-hospital death. ICU: intensive care unit.

Age (years)

18 - 44

409 (20.8)

196 (16.7)

213 (27)

45 - 64

674 (34.3)

441 (37.5)

233 (29.6)

≥ 65

881 (44.9)

539 (45.8)

342 (43.4)

Gender^c

Female

944 (54.9)

537 (53.1)

407 (57.4)

Male

776 (45.1)

474 (46.9)

302 (42.6)

Hospital disposition

All home

909 (46.3)

429 (36.5)

480 (60.9)

Home routine

648 (33)

315 (26.8)

333 (42.3)

Home health^d

261 (13.3)

114 (9.7)

147 (18.6)

Post-acute care^e

665 (33.9)

464 (39.5)

201 (25.5)

Another short-term hospital

103 (5.2)

50 (4.3)

53 (6.7)

Death^f or hospice

256 (13)

220 (18.7)

36 (4.6)

Death

172 (8.8)

146 (12.4)

26 (3.3)

Hospice

84 (4.2)

74 (6.3)

10 (1.3)

**Table 2.** Hospital Disposition Among Hospitalizations With Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis Admitted to ICU, Stratified by Age and Gender
Category	Age	P value	Gender	P value
^aHome health denotes those hospital discharges requiring home health services. ^bPost-acute care denotes long-term care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. ^cDeath denotes hospitalizations with in-hospital death. ICU: intensive care unit.
All home	118 (60.2)	209 (47.4)	102 (18.9)	< 0.0001	179 (33.3)	169 (35.7)	0.4385
Home routine	99 (50.5)	159 (36.1)	57 (10.6)	< 0.0001	131 (24.4)	115 (24.3)	0.9607
Home health^a	19 (9.7)	50 (11.3)	45 (8.3)	0.3308	48 (8.9)	54 (11.4)	0.1963
Post-acute care^b	38 (19.4)	149 (33.8)	277 (51.4)	< 0.0001	224 (41.7)	191 (40.3)	0.6476
Another short-term hospital	15 (7.70	19 (4.3)	18 (3.3)	0.0188	22 (4.1)	20 (4.2)	0.9224
Death^c or hospice	19 (9.7)	60 (13.6)	141 (26.2)	< 0.0001	108 (20.1)	89 (18.8)	0.5929
Death^c	17 (8.7)	37 (8.4)	92 (17.1)	0.0001	70 (13)	61 (12.9)	0.9374
Hospice	2 (1)	23 (5.2)	49 (9.1)	< 0.0001	38 (7.1)	28 (5.9)	0.4529

Table 2. Hospital Disposition Among Hospitalizations With Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis Admitted to ICU, Stratified by Age and Gender

Category

Age

P value

Gender

P value

18 - 44

45 - 64

≥ 65

Female

Male

N = 196

N = 441

N = 539

N = 537

N = 474

^aHome health denotes those hospital discharges requiring home health services. ^bPost-acute care denotes long-term care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. ^cDeath denotes hospitalizations with in-hospital death. ICU: intensive care unit.

All home

118 (60.2)

209 (47.4)

102 (18.9)

< 0.0001

179 (33.3)

169 (35.7)

0.4385

Home routine

99 (50.5)

159 (36.1)

57 (10.6)

< 0.0001

131 (24.4)

115 (24.3)

0.9607

Home health^a

19 (9.7)

50 (11.3)

45 (8.3)

0.3308

48 (8.9)

54 (11.4)

0.1963

Post-acute care^b

38 (19.4)

149 (33.8)

277 (51.4)

< 0.0001

224 (41.7)

191 (40.3)

0.6476

Another short-term hospital

15 (7.70

19 (4.3)

18 (3.3)

0.0188

22 (4.1)

20 (4.2)

0.9224

Death^c or hospice

19 (9.7)

60 (13.6)

141 (26.2)

< 0.0001

108 (20.1)

89 (18.8)

0.5929

Death^c

17 (8.7)

37 (8.4)

92 (17.1)

0.0001

70 (13)

61 (12.9)

0.9374

Hospice

2 (1)

23 (5.2)

49 (9.1)

< 0.0001

38 (7.1)

28 (5.9)

0.4529

**Table 3.** Logistic Regression Analyses of the Temporal Trends of Hospital Disposition of ICU Admissions With Herpes Simplex Encephalitis for the Whole Cohort and Across Demographic Strata
Hospital disposition	Odds ratio^a (95% CI)	P
^aThe odds ratio results represent change per 1 year. As an illustrative example, the odds ratio of all home discharges among females (0.925) means that the odds of all home discharges in this group decreased by 7.5% per year during the study period. ^bHome health denotes those hospital discharges requiring home health services. ^cPost-acute care denotes long-term care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. ^dDeath denotes hospitalizations with in-hospital death. ICU: intensive care unit; CI: confidence interval.
All home
All	0.958 (0.914 - 1.005)	0.0805
Age (years)
18 - 44	0.987 (0.880 - 1.106)	0.8203
45 - 64	0.970 (0.899 - 1.046)	0.4351
≥ 65	0.939 (0.862 - 1.023)	0.1545
Gender
Female	0.925 (0.860 - 0.994)	0.0356
Male	1.006 (0.933 - 1.085)	0.8676
Home routine
All	0.937 (0.890 - 0.987)	0.0142
Age (years)
18 - 44	0.898 (0.802 - 1.006)	0.0635
45 - 64	0.970 (0.897 - 1.050)	0.4593
≥ 65	0.917 (0.823 - 1.023)	0.1219
Gender
Female	0.906 (0.836 - 0.981)	0.0154
Male	0.986 (0.906 - 1.073)	0.7434
Home health^b
All	1.033 (0.956 - 1.117)	0.4053
Age (years)
18 - 44	1.355 (1.081 - 1.697)	0.0083
45 - 64	0.993 (0.882 - 1.118)	0.9136
≥ 65	0.982 (0.869 - 1.109)	0.7694
Gender
Female	1.011 (0.897 - 1.139)	0.8560
Male
Post-acute care^c
All	1.018 (0.971 - 1.067)	0.4485
Age (years)
18 - 44	0.963 (0.836 - 1.108)	0.6007
45 - 64	1.011 (0.933 - 1.095)	0.7804
≥ 65	1.026 (0.959 - 1.098)	0.4501
Gender
Female	1.038 (0968 - 1.112)	0.2876
Male	0.992 (0.922 - 1.069)	0.8482
Another short-term hospital
All	1.033 (0.921 - 1.159)	0.5702
Age (years)
18 - 44	0.901 (0.729 - 1.113)	0.3355
45 - 64	1.090 (0.902 - 1.317)	0.3696
≥ 65	1.119 (0.906 - 1.382)	0.2963
Gender
Female	1.084 (0.910 - 1.2910	0.3646
Male	0.9692 (0.809 - 1.160)
Death^d or hospice
All	1.014 (0.956 - 1.075)	0.6372
Age (years)
18 - 44	1.203 (0.981 - 1.475)	0.0752
45 - 64	0.990 (0.887 - 1.105)	0.8599
≥ 65	0.989 (0.916 - 1.069)	0.7956
Gender
Female	1.017 (0.935 - 1.108)	0.6822
Male	1.014 (0.923 - 1.113)	0.7707
Death^d
All	0.987 (0.921 - 1.058)	0.7149
Age (years)
18 - 44	1.127 (0.917 - 1.385)	0.2529
45 - 64	0.945 (0.825 - 1.083)	0.4171
≥ 65	0.970 (0.887 - 1.061)	0.5141
Gender
Female	1.017 (0.919 - 1.125)	0.7419
Male	0.974 (0.874 - 1.085)	0.6398
Hospice
All	1.063 (0.965 - 1.170)	0.2110
Age (years)
18 - 44	0.983 (0.951 - 1.201)	0.9979
45 - 64	1.066 (0.898 - 1.266)	0.4596
≥ 65	1.028 (0.913 - 1.157)	0.6469
Gender
Female	1.014 (0.888 - 1.158)	0.8354
Male	1.097 (0.935 - 1.286)	0.2534

Table 3. Logistic Regression Analyses of the Temporal Trends of Hospital Disposition of ICU Admissions With Herpes Simplex Encephalitis for the Whole Cohort and Across Demographic Strata

Hospital disposition

Odds ratio^a (95% CI)

^aThe odds ratio results represent change per 1 year. As an illustrative example, the odds ratio of all home discharges among females (0.925) means that the odds of all home discharges in this group decreased by 7.5% per year during the study period. ^bHome health denotes those hospital discharges requiring home health services. ^cPost-acute care denotes long-term care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. ^dDeath denotes hospitalizations with in-hospital death. ICU: intensive care unit; CI: confidence interval.

All home

All

0.958 (0.914 - 1.005)

0.0805

Age (years)

18 - 44

0.987 (0.880 - 1.106)

0.8203

45 - 64

0.970 (0.899 - 1.046)

0.4351

≥ 65

0.939 (0.862 - 1.023)

0.1545

Gender

Female

0.925 (0.860 - 0.994)

0.0356

Male

1.006 (0.933 - 1.085)

0.8676

Home routine

All

0.937 (0.890 - 0.987)

0.0142

Age (years)

18 - 44

0.898 (0.802 - 1.006)

0.0635

45 - 64

0.970 (0.897 - 1.050)

0.4593

≥ 65

0.917 (0.823 - 1.023)

0.1219

Gender

Female

0.906 (0.836 - 0.981)

0.0154

Male

0.986 (0.906 - 1.073)

0.7434

Home health^b

All

1.033 (0.956 - 1.117)

0.4053

Age (years)

18 - 44

1.355 (1.081 - 1.697)

0.0083

45 - 64

0.993 (0.882 - 1.118)

0.9136

≥ 65

0.982 (0.869 - 1.109)

0.7694

Gender

Female

1.011 (0.897 - 1.139)

0.8560

Male

Post-acute care^c

All

1.018 (0.971 - 1.067)

0.4485

Age (years)

18 - 44

0.963 (0.836 - 1.108)

0.6007

45 - 64

1.011 (0.933 - 1.095)

0.7804

≥ 65

1.026 (0.959 - 1.098)

0.4501

Gender

Female

1.038 (0968 - 1.112)

0.2876

Male

0.992 (0.922 - 1.069)

0.8482

Another short-term hospital

All

1.033 (0.921 - 1.159)

0.5702

Age (years)

18 - 44

0.901 (0.729 - 1.113)

0.3355

45 - 64

1.090 (0.902 - 1.317)

0.3696

≥ 65

1.119 (0.906 - 1.382)

0.2963

Gender

Female

1.084 (0.910 - 1.2910

0.3646

Male

0.9692 (0.809 - 1.160)

Death^d or hospice

All

1.014 (0.956 - 1.075)

0.6372

Age (years)

18 - 44

1.203 (0.981 - 1.475)

0.0752

45 - 64

0.990 (0.887 - 1.105)

0.8599

≥ 65

0.989 (0.916 - 1.069)

0.7956

Gender

Female

1.017 (0.935 - 1.108)

0.6822

Male

1.014 (0.923 - 1.113)

0.7707

Death^d

All

0.987 (0.921 - 1.058)

0.7149

Age (years)

18 - 44

1.127 (0.917 - 1.385)

0.2529

45 - 64

0.945 (0.825 - 1.083)

0.4171

≥ 65

0.970 (0.887 - 1.061)

0.5141

Gender

Female

1.017 (0.919 - 1.125)

0.7419

Male

0.974 (0.874 - 1.085)

0.6398

Hospice

All

1.063 (0.965 - 1.170)

0.2110

Age (years)

18 - 44

0.983 (0.951 - 1.201)

0.9979

45 - 64

1.066 (0.898 - 1.266)

0.4596

≥ 65

1.028 (0.913 - 1.157)

0.6469

Gender

Female

1.014 (0.888 - 1.158)

0.8354

Male

1.097 (0.935 - 1.286)

0.2534