J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 11, November 2019, pages 740-744

Α Rare Morphological Study Concerning the Longest Bone of the Human Anatomy in the Population of the Northern Greece

Figure 1. The normal distribution curves for the maximal length of the femur (MLF). The blue represents the male and the red represents the female. Decision point is 41.37 and the error is 29.29% for sex estimation.

Figure 2. The normal distribution curves for the vertical diameter of the head (VDH). The blue represents the male and the red represents the female. Decision point is 4.46 and the error is 14.39% for sex estimation.

Figure 3. The normal distribution curves for the index of robustness (IRF). The blue represents the male and the red represents the female. Decision point is 21.4 and the error is 46.02% for sex estimation.

**Table 1.** The Mean Values and the Standard Deviation of the Measurements
Femur	Males	Females
N represents the number of the specimens that were examined, µ represents the mean value. The unit values are in centimeters. SD: standard deviation; MLF: maximal length of the femur; NLF: natural length of the femur; GTH: distance between the greater trochanter and head; GLT: distance between the greater and lesser trochanters; VDH: vertical diameter of the head; PMF: perimeter in the middle of the femur body; DLM: distance of lateral and medial between the outermost extremities of the two condyles of the femur.
MLF	238	43.638	4.168	50.5	38.4	205	40.253	2.045	45.2	35.0
NLF	224	41.978	3.798	48.3	30.08	193	38.844	2.050	45.6	34.1
GTH	227	9.783	0.812	11.3	8.4	190	8.775	0.516	10.3	7.9
GLT	225	6.722	0.747	9.8	5.2	187	5.988	0.530	7.6	4.8
VDH	219	4.758	0.282	5.5	4.0	181	4.201	0.242	4.9	3.4
PMF	194	9.001	0.998	11.6	8.0	172	8.252	0.685	10.5	6.9
DLM	233	8.200	0.853	10.3	6.0	200	7.406	0.469	8.8	5.1

Table 1. The Mean Values and the Standard Deviation of the Measurements

Femur

Males

Females

µ (cm)

SD (cm)

Max. (cm)

Min. (cm)

µ (cm)

SD (cm)

Max. (cm)

Min. (cm)

N represents the number of the specimens that were examined, µ represents the mean value. The unit values are in centimeters. SD: standard deviation; MLF: maximal length of the femur; NLF: natural length of the femur; GTH: distance between the greater trochanter and head; GLT: distance between the greater and lesser trochanters; VDH: vertical diameter of the head; PMF: perimeter in the middle of the femur body; DLM: distance of lateral and medial between the outermost extremities of the two condyles of the femur.

MLF

238

43.638

4.168

50.5

38.4

205

40.253

2.045

45.2

35.0

NLF

224

41.978

3.798

48.3

30.08

193

38.844

2.050

45.6

34.1

GTH

227

9.783

0.812

11.3

8.4

190

8.775

0.516

10.3

7.9

GLT

225

6.722

0.747

9.8

5.2

187

5.988

0.530

7.6

4.8

VDH

219

4.758

0.282

5.5

4.0

181

4.201

0.242

4.9

3.4

PMF

194

9.001

0.998

11.6

8.0

172

8.252

0.685

10.5

6.9

DLM

233

8.200

0.853

10.3

6.0

200

7.406

0.469

8.8

5.1

**Table 2.** The Mean Values and the Standard Deviation of the Bone Robustness
Index	Males	Females
N represents the number of the specimens that were examined. µ represents the mean value. SD: standard deviation; IRF 1: index of robustness of the femur 1; IRF 2: index of robustness of the femur 2.
IRF 1	181	21.559	1.627	31.8	14.1	160	21.246	1.509	24.8	18.5
IRF 2	188	20.658	1.452	26.1	13.3	167	20.522	1.537	24.1	16.5

Table 2. The Mean Values and the Standard Deviation of the Bone Robustness

Index

Males

Females

µ (cm)

SD (cm)

Max. (cm)

Min. (cm)

µ (cm)

SD (cm)

Max. (cm)

Min. (cm)

N represents the number of the specimens that were examined. µ represents the mean value. SD: standard deviation; IRF 1: index of robustness of the femur 1; IRF 2: index of robustness of the femur 2.

IRF 1

181

21.559

1.627

31.8

14.1

160

21.246

1.509

24.8

18.5

IRF 2

188

20.658

1.452

26.1

13.3

167

20.522

1.537

24.1

16.5

**Table 3.** The Point of Decision and the Error of the Measurements When Comparing Between the Two Sexes Using the Discriminant Analysis
	Point of decision (cm)	Error
MLF: maximal length of the femur; NLF: natural length of the femur; GTH: distance between the greater trochanter and head; GLT: distance between the greater and lesser trochanters; VDH: vertical diameter of the head; PMF: perimeter in the middle of the femur body; DLM: distance of lateral and medial between the outermost extremities of the two condyles of the femur.
MLF	41.37	29.29%
NLF	39.94	29.60%
GTH	9.17	22.39%
GLT	6.29	28.27%
VDH	4.46	14.39%
PMF	8.56	32.81%
DLM	7.69	27.41%

Table 3. The Point of Decision and the Error of the Measurements When Comparing Between the Two Sexes Using the Discriminant Analysis

Point of decision (cm)

Error

MLF: maximal length of the femur; NLF: natural length of the femur; GTH: distance between the greater trochanter and head; GLT: distance between the greater and lesser trochanters; VDH: vertical diameter of the head; PMF: perimeter in the middle of the femur body; DLM: distance of lateral and medial between the outermost extremities of the two condyles of the femur.

MLF

41.37

29.29%

NLF

39.94

29.60%

GTH

9.17

22.39%

GLT

6.29

28.27%

VDH

4.46

14.39%

PMF

8.56

32.81%

DLM

7.69

27.41%