J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 3, March 2019, pages 165-170

Association of Oral Function With Long-Term Participation in Community-Based Oral Exercise Programs in Older Japanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

**Table 1.** Clinical Factors of Study Population
Clinical factors	n (%)
Age in years (mean: 77.6 ± 5.7)
65 - 69	7 (6.5%)
70 - 79	64 (59.3%)
80 - 89	36 (33.3%)
≥ 90	1 (0.9%)
Number of remaining teeth (mean: 16.8 ± 9.9)
≥ 20	55 (50.9%)
10 - 19	22 (20.4%)
0 - 9	31 (28.7%)
Denture
Non-user	38 (35.2%)
Partial denture	59 (54.6%)
Full denture	11 (10.2%)
Level of bacterial count
Level 2	4 (3.7%)
Level 3	8 (7.4%)
Level 4	30 (27.8%)
Level 5	54 (50.0%)
Level 6	12 (11.1%)
DRACE score (mean: 4.3 ± 3.4)
< 4 (low risk of dysphagia)	48 (44.4%)
≥ 4 (high risk of dysphagia)	60 (55.6%)
KCL score (mean: 5.4 ± 3.8)
< 7 (non-frailty)	69 (63.9%)
≥ 7 (frailty)	39 (36.1%)

Table 1. Clinical Factors of Study Population

Clinical factors

n (%)

Age in years (mean: 77.6 ± 5.7)

65 - 69

7 (6.5%)

70 - 79

64 (59.3%)

80 - 89

36 (33.3%)

≥ 90

1 (0.9%)

Number of remaining teeth (mean: 16.8 ± 9.9)

≥ 20

55 (50.9%)

10 - 19

22 (20.4%)

0 - 9

31 (28.7%)

Denture

Non-user

38 (35.2%)

Partial denture

59 (54.6%)

Full denture

11 (10.2%)

Level of bacterial count

Level 2

4 (3.7%)

Level 3

8 (7.4%)

Level 4

30 (27.8%)

Level 5

54 (50.0%)

Level 6

12 (11.1%)

DRACE score (mean: 4.3 ± 3.4)

< 4 (low risk of dysphagia)

48 (44.4%)

≥ 4 (high risk of dysphagia)

60 (55.6%)

KCL score (mean: 5.4 ± 3.8)

< 7 (non-frailty)

69 (63.9%)

≥ 7 (frailty)

39 (36.1%)

**Table 2.** Association of Participation Period With Clinical Factors
Clinical factors	Participation duration (month)
Moisture level	31.8 ± 1.6	30.8 ± 2.7	29.0 ± 2.5	30.1 ± 2.8	29.9 ± 2.2	31.2 ± 1.4	30.5 ± 0.9	30.6 ± 1.4	0.54
Number of remaining teeth	17.2 ± 8.9	18.7 ± 9.6	16.1 ± 10.0	17.7 ± 9.5	16.8 ± 12.6	15.0 ± 10.1	20.4 ± 9.3	9.4 ± 9.6	0.6
Level of bacterial count	4.4 ± 0.8	4.4 ± 1.0	4.9 ± 0.8	4.6 ± 1.1	4.4 ± 0.9	4.4 ± 1.1	5.2 ± 0.5	4.9 ± 0.6	0.35
Tongue pressure (kPa)	32.6 ± 6.3	3.12 ± 8.6	27.0 ± 9.0	30.4 ± 8.2	31.3 ± 10.9	26.7 ± 12.2	38.3 ± 7.0	29.1 ± 7.3	0.96
ODK (times/s)
Pa	6.0 ± 0.9	5.8 ± 0.9	5.7 ± 0.9	5.5 ± 1.0	6.2 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 1.1	4.9 ± 0.9	5.8 ± 0.8	0.27
Ta	5.9 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0	6.2 ± 0.7	5.4 ± 1.1	5.0 ± 1.2	5.3 ± 0.8	0.83
Ka	5.7 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 1.2	5.2 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 0.8	5.9 ± 0.8	5.2 ± 0.9	6.0 ± 0.7	5.4 ± 0.4	0.79
DRACE score	3.7 ± 2.3	3.6 ± 3.0	4.1 ± 3.3	5.4 ± 4.4	3.5 ± 3.0	4.1 ± 5.5	4.5 ± 3.3	5.3 ± 2.1	0.54
RSST (times/30 s)	3.5 ± 1.0	3.4 ± 1.3	3.1 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 1.4	3.9 ± 1.5	2.7 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.6	0.24
KCL score	4.7 ± 3.3	4.6 ± 3.0	6.2 ± 4.1	6.4 ± 4.8	3.7 ± 2.1	5.6 ± 5.3	5.4 ± 3.6	7.1 ± 3.1	0.57

Table 2. Association of Participation Period With Clinical Factors

Clinical factors

Participation duration (month)

< 12 (n = 19)

12 - 23 (n = 20)

24 - 35 (n = 15)

36 - 47 (n = 23)

48 - 59 (n = 11)

60 - 71 (n = 7)

72 - 83 (n = 4)

≥ 84 (n = 9)

P value

Moisture level

31.8 ± 1.6

30.8 ± 2.7

29.0 ± 2.5

30.1 ± 2.8

29.9 ± 2.2

31.2 ± 1.4

30.5 ± 0.9

30.6 ± 1.4

0.54

Number of remaining teeth

17.2 ± 8.9

18.7 ± 9.6

16.1 ± 10.0

17.7 ± 9.5

16.8 ± 12.6

15.0 ± 10.1

20.4 ± 9.3

9.4 ± 9.6

0.6

Level of bacterial count

4.4 ± 0.8

4.4 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 0.8

4.6 ± 1.1

4.4 ± 0.9

4.4 ± 1.1

5.2 ± 0.5

4.9 ± 0.6

0.35

Tongue pressure (kPa)

32.6 ± 6.3

3.12 ± 8.6

27.0 ± 9.0

30.4 ± 8.2

31.3 ± 10.9

26.7 ± 12.2

38.3 ± 7.0

29.1 ± 7.3

0.96

ODK (times/s)

6.0 ± 0.9

5.8 ± 0.9

5.7 ± 0.9

5.5 ± 1.0

6.2 ± 0.9

5.6 ± 1.1

4.9 ± 0.9

5.8 ± 0.8

0.27

5.9 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 1.1

5.3 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 1.0

6.2 ± 0.7

5.4 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.2

5.3 ± 0.8

0.83

5.7 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 0.8

5.9 ± 0.8

5.2 ± 0.9

6.0 ± 0.7

5.4 ± 0.4

0.79

DRACE score

3.7 ± 2.3

3.6 ± 3.0

4.1 ± 3.3

5.4 ± 4.4

3.5 ± 3.0

4.1 ± 5.5

4.5 ± 3.3

5.3 ± 2.1

0.54

RSST (times/30 s)

3.5 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 1.3

3.1 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.4

3.9 ± 1.5

2.7 ± 1.1

4.5 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.6

0.24

KCL score

4.7 ± 3.3

4.6 ± 3.0

6.2 ± 4.1

6.4 ± 4.8

3.7 ± 2.1

5.6 ± 5.3

5.4 ± 3.6

7.1 ± 3.1

0.57

**Table 3.** Clinical Factors of < 3 Years Participation and ≥ 3 Years Participation Group
Clinical factors	Participation duration	P value
Age	76.7 ± 0.7	78.5 ± 0.7	0.11
Moisture level	30.4 ± 2.4	30.3 ± 2.2	0.54
Number of remaining teeth	17.4 ± 9.6	16.2 ± 10.3	0.77
Level of bacterial count	4.5 ± 0.9	4.6 ± 0.9	0.49
Tongue pressure (kPa)	30.6 ± 8.2	30.5 ± 9.2	0.96
ODK (times/s)
Pa	5.9 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 1.0	0.27
Ta	5.6 ± 1.1	5.5 ± 0.9	0.83
Ka	5.4 ± 1.2	5.5 ± 0.8	0.79
DRACE score	3.7 ± 2.8	4.8 ± 3.9	0.54
RSST (times/30 s)	3.3 ± 1.1	3.5 ± 1.4	0.24
KCL score	4.8 ± 3.3	6.0 ± 4.2	0.18

Table 3. Clinical Factors of < 3 Years Participation and ≥ 3 Years Participation Group

Clinical factors

Participation duration

P value

< 3 years (n = 54)

≥ 3 years (n = 54)

Age

76.7 ± 0.7

78.5 ± 0.7

0.11

Moisture level

30.4 ± 2.4

30.3 ± 2.2

0.54

Number of remaining teeth

17.4 ± 9.6

16.2 ± 10.3

0.77

Level of bacterial count

4.5 ± 0.9

4.6 ± 0.9

0.49

Tongue pressure (kPa)

30.6 ± 8.2

30.5 ± 9.2

0.96

ODK (times/s)

5.9 ± 0.9

5.6 ± 1.0

0.27

5.6 ± 1.1

5.5 ± 0.9

0.83

5.4 ± 1.2

5.5 ± 0.8

0.79

DRACE score

3.7 ± 2.8

4.8 ± 3.9

0.54

RSST (times/30 s)

3.3 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.4

0.24

KCL score

4.8 ± 3.3

6.0 ± 4.2

0.18

**Table 4.** Correlation Between Age and Clinical Factors in < 3 Years Participation and ≥ 3 Years Participation Group
Clinical factors	Correlation coefficient
P < 0.05, and *P < 0.01.
Moisture level	-0.17	0.19
Number of remaining teeth	0.05	-0.63**
Tongue pressure (kPa)	-0.41**	-0.29*
ODK (times/s)
Pa	-0.31*	-0.06
Ta	-0.30*	-0.11
Ka	-0.24	-0.25
DRACE score	0.12	0.34
RSST (times/30 s)	-0.42**	-0.28*

Table 4. Correlation Between Age and Clinical Factors in < 3 Years Participation and ≥ 3 Years Participation Group

Clinical factors

Correlation coefficient

< 3 years (n = 54)

≥ 3 years (n = 54)

*P < 0.05, and **P < 0.01.

Moisture level

-0.17

0.19

Number of remaining teeth

0.05

-0.63**

Tongue pressure (kPa)

-0.41**

-0.29*

ODK (times/s)

-0.31*

-0.06

-0.30*

-0.11

-0.24

-0.25

DRACE score

0.12

0.34

RSST (times/30 s)

-0.42**

-0.28*