J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 12, December 2018, pages 911-919

Comparison of Comorbid Conditions Between Cancer Survivors and Age-Matched Patients Without Cancer

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics
Variable	Group 1 (cancer survivors) (n = 280)	Group 2 (patients without cancer) (n = 280)	P
*Paired t-test. ^#McNemar test.
Age mean (SD)	72.5 (13.1)	72.5 (12.8)	< 0.938*
Gender
Male (n, %)	147 (52.5)	81 (28.9)	< 0.001^#
Female (n, %)	133 (47.5)	199 (71.1)	< 0.001^#
Race			< 0.001^#
Caucasian (n, %)	229 (81.8)	222 (79.3)	< 0.05^#
African American (n, %)	28 (10.0)	36 (12.8)	< 0.05^#
Hispanic (n, %)	10 (3.6)	21 (7.5)	< 0.05^#
Other (n, %)	13 (4.6)	1 (0.4)	< 0.05^#
Social factors
Alcohol (n, %)	158 (56.4)	152 (54.2)	0.651^#
Cigarettes (n, %)	146 (52.1)	131 (46.8)	0.159^#

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics

Variable

Group 1 (cancer survivors) (n = 280)

Group 2 (patients without cancer) (n = 280)

*Paired t-test. ^#McNemar test.

Age mean (SD)

72.5 (13.1)

72.5 (12.8)

< 0.938*

Gender

Male (n, %)

147 (52.5)

81 (28.9)

< 0.001^#

Female (n, %)

133 (47.5)

199 (71.1)

< 0.001^#

Race

< 0.001^#

Caucasian (n, %)

229 (81.8)

222 (79.3)

< 0.05^#

African American (n, %)

28 (10.0)

36 (12.8)

< 0.05^#

Hispanic (n, %)

10 (3.6)

21 (7.5)

< 0.05^#

Other (n, %)

13 (4.6)

1 (0.4)

< 0.05^#

Social factors

Alcohol (n, %)

158 (56.4)

152 (54.2)

0.651^#

Cigarettes (n, %)

146 (52.1)

131 (46.8)

0.159^#

**Table 2.** Associated Comorbid Conditions
Variable	Group 1 (cancer survivors) (n = 280)	Group 2 (patients without cancer) (n = 280)	P*
*McNemar test.
Hypertension (n, %)	180 (64.3)	178 (63.6)	0.923
Hyperlipidemia (n, %)	157 (56.1)	143 (51.1)	0.258
Osteoarthritis (n, %)	96 (34.3)	120 (42.9)	< 0.05
Hypothyroidism (n, %)	61 (21.8)	58 (20.7)	0.918
Diabetes mellitus (n, %)	61 (21.8)	53 (18.9)	0.440
Coronary artery disease (n, %)	61 (21.8)	49 (17.5)	0.230
Vitamin D deficiency (n, %)	48 (17.1)	43 (15.4)	0.653
Anxiety disorder (n, %)	45 (16.1)	51 (18.2)	0.561
Depression (n, %)	38 (13.6)	31 (11.1)	0.450
Asthma (n, %)	32 (11.4)	42 (15.0)	0.268
Chronic kidney disease (n, %)	30 (10.7)	26 (9.3)	0.672
Chronic obstructive airway disease (n, %)	20 (7.1)	24 (8.6)	0.636
Cerebrovascular accident (n, %)	15 (5.4)	15 (5.4)	1.000
Peripheral arterial disease (n, %)	14 (5.0)	8 (2.9)	0.263
Congestive heart failure (n, %)	12 (4.3)	10 (3.6)	0.824
Carotid stenosis (n, %)	7 (2.5)	8 (2.9)	1.000
Bipolar disorder (n, %)	3 (1.1)	1 (0.4)	0.625
Liver disease (n, %)	2 (0.7)	8 (2.9)	0.070
Schizophrenia (n, %)	1 (0.4)	1 (0.4)	1.000

Table 2. Associated Comorbid Conditions

Variable

Group 1 (cancer survivors) (n = 280)

Group 2 (patients without cancer) (n = 280)

*McNemar test.

Hypertension (n, %)

180 (64.3)

178 (63.6)

0.923

Hyperlipidemia (n, %)

157 (56.1)

143 (51.1)

0.258

Osteoarthritis (n, %)

96 (34.3)

120 (42.9)

< 0.05

Hypothyroidism (n, %)

61 (21.8)

58 (20.7)

0.918

Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

61 (21.8)

53 (18.9)

0.440

Coronary artery disease (n, %)

61 (21.8)

49 (17.5)

0.230

Vitamin D deficiency (n, %)

48 (17.1)

43 (15.4)

0.653

Anxiety disorder (n, %)

45 (16.1)

51 (18.2)

0.561

Depression (n, %)

38 (13.6)

31 (11.1)

0.450

Asthma (n, %)

32 (11.4)

42 (15.0)

0.268

Chronic kidney disease (n, %)

30 (10.7)

26 (9.3)

0.672

Chronic obstructive airway disease (n, %)

20 (7.1)

24 (8.6)

0.636

Cerebrovascular accident (n, %)

15 (5.4)

1.000

Peripheral arterial disease (n, %)

14 (5.0)

8 (2.9)

0.263

Congestive heart failure (n, %)

12 (4.3)

10 (3.6)

0.824

Carotid stenosis (n, %)

7 (2.5)

8 (2.9)

1.000

Bipolar disorder (n, %)

3 (1.1)

1 (0.4)

0.625

Liver disease (n, %)

2 (0.7)

8 (2.9)

0.070

Schizophrenia (n, %)

1 (0.4)

1.000

**Table 3.** Frequency of Types of Cancers in the Cancer Survivors
Type of cancer	Frequency (n = 280)
Prostate (n, %)	86 (30.7)
Melanoma (n, %)	39 (13.9)
Thyroid (n, %)	32 (11.4)
Colon (n, %)	31 (11.1)
Uterus (n, %)	31 (11.1)
Urinary bladder (n, %)	26 (9.3)
Cervix (n, %)	17 (6.1)
Meningioma (n, %)	15 (5.3)
Essential thrombocythemia (n, %)	11 (3.9)
Pituitary (n, %)	11 (3.9)
Gastroesophageal (n, %)	6 (2.1)
Ano-rectum (n, %)	5 (1.8)
Skin-non melanoma (n, %)	4 (1.4)
Connective and soft tissue (n, %)	3 (1.1)
Esophagus (n, %)	3 (1.1)
Brain (n, %)	2 (0.7)
Larynx (n, %)	2 (0.7)
Liver (n, %)	2 (0.7)
Acoustic neuroma (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Breast (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Endotheliosarcoma (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Ependymoma (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Esthesioneuroblastoma (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Parathyroid (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Parotid (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Pharynx (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Tonsil (n, %)	1 (0.3)
Tongue (n, %)	1 (0.3)

Table 3. Frequency of Types of Cancers in the Cancer Survivors

Type of cancer

Frequency (n = 280)

Prostate (n, %)

86 (30.7)

Melanoma (n, %)

39 (13.9)

Thyroid (n, %)

32 (11.4)

Colon (n, %)

31 (11.1)

Uterus (n, %)

31 (11.1)

Urinary bladder (n, %)

26 (9.3)

Cervix (n, %)

17 (6.1)

Meningioma (n, %)

15 (5.3)

Essential thrombocythemia (n, %)

11 (3.9)

Pituitary (n, %)

11 (3.9)

Gastroesophageal (n, %)

6 (2.1)

Ano-rectum (n, %)

5 (1.8)

Skin-non melanoma (n, %)

4 (1.4)

Connective and soft tissue (n, %)

3 (1.1)

Esophagus (n, %)

3 (1.1)

Brain (n, %)

2 (0.7)

Larynx (n, %)

2 (0.7)

Liver (n, %)

2 (0.7)

Acoustic neuroma (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Breast (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Endotheliosarcoma (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Ependymoma (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Esthesioneuroblastoma (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Parathyroid (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Parotid (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Pharynx (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Tonsil (n, %)

1 (0.3)

Tongue (n, %)

1 (0.3)

**Table 4.** Associated Comorbid Conditions in Specific Cancer Survivors Based on Cancer Types
Comorbid condition	Prostate (n = 86)	Melanoma (n = 39)	Thyroid (n = 32)	Colon (n = 31)	Uterus (n = 31)	Bladder (n = 26)
Hypertension (n, %)	67 (77.9)	24 (61.5)	17 (53.1)	18 (58.1)	24 (77.4)	20 (76.9)
Hyperlipidemia (n, %)	45 (52.3)	28 (71.8)	16 (50.0)	16 (51.6)	19 (61.3)	18 (69.2)
Osteoarthritis (n, %)	28 (32.6)	16 (41.0)	14 (43.8)	10 (32.3)	11 (35.5)	12 (46.1)
Hypothyroidism (n, %)	10 (11.6)	10 (25.6)	21 (65.6)	6 (19.3)	6 (19.4)	3 (11.5)
Diabetes mellitus (n, %)	21 (24.4)	6 (15.4)	3 (9.8)	9 (29.0)	13 (42.9)	6 (23.1)
Coronary artery disease (n, %)	33 (38.3)	6 (15.4)	3 (9.8)	9 (29.0)	4 (12.9)	7 (26.9)

Table 4. Associated Comorbid Conditions in Specific Cancer Survivors Based on Cancer Types

Comorbid condition

Prostate (n = 86)

Melanoma (n = 39)

Thyroid (n = 32)

Colon (n = 31)

Uterus (n = 31)

Bladder (n = 26)

Hypertension (n, %)

67 (77.9)

24 (61.5)

17 (53.1)

18 (58.1)

24 (77.4)

20 (76.9)

Hyperlipidemia (n, %)

45 (52.3)

28 (71.8)

16 (50.0)

16 (51.6)

19 (61.3)

18 (69.2)

Osteoarthritis (n, %)

28 (32.6)

16 (41.0)

14 (43.8)

10 (32.3)

11 (35.5)

12 (46.1)

Hypothyroidism (n, %)

10 (11.6)

10 (25.6)

21 (65.6)

6 (19.3)

6 (19.4)

3 (11.5)

Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

21 (24.4)

6 (15.4)

3 (9.8)

9 (29.0)

13 (42.9)

6 (23.1)

Coronary artery disease (n, %)

33 (38.3)

6 (15.4)

3 (9.8)

9 (29.0)

4 (12.9)

7 (26.9)

**Table 5.** Commonly Used Drugs and Supplements
Variable	Group 1 (cancer survivors) (n = 280)	Group 2 (patients without cancer)(n = 280)	P*
*McNemar test.
Aspirin (n, %)	156 (55.7)	124 (44.3)	0.403
Statin (n, %)	144 (51.4)	138 (49.3)	0.668
Vitamin D (n, %)	101 (36.1)	103 (36.8)	0.923
Multivitamin (n, %)	58 (20.7)	46 (16.4)	0.224
Metformin (n, %)	37 (13.2)	32 (11.4)	0.603
Fish Oil (n, %)	14 (5.0)	10 (3.6)	0.541

Table 5. Commonly Used Drugs and Supplements

Variable

Group 1 (cancer survivors) (n = 280)

Group 2 (patients without cancer)(n = 280)

*McNemar test.

Aspirin (n, %)

156 (55.7)

124 (44.3)

0.403

Statin (n, %)

144 (51.4)

138 (49.3)

0.668

Vitamin D (n, %)

101 (36.1)

103 (36.8)

0.923

Multivitamin (n, %)

58 (20.7)

46 (16.4)

0.224

Metformin (n, %)

37 (13.2)

32 (11.4)

0.603

Fish Oil (n, %)

14 (5.0)

10 (3.6)

0.541