Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Review

Volume 10, Number 4, April 2018, pages 281-289


An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. A lower prevalence of acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus in the Greenlanders as compared with the Danish people, and the composition of food consumed by the Danish people and the Greenlanders. DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The possible mechanisms for omega-3 PUFA-mediated improvements in lipid and glucose metabolism. Dash lines indicate direct effects of EPA and DHA, and solid lines indicate secondary changes of metabolic state in lipid/glucose metabolism due to EPA and DHA. C: cholesterol; CM: chylomicron; CM-r: chylomicron remnant; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; FFA: free fatty acids; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; GPR: G protein-coupled receptor; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; HTGL: hepatic triglyceride lipase; IDL: intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL); LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; SREBP: sterol receptor element binding protein; TG: triglyceride; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein.

Table

Table 1. Comparison of Effects of EPA and DHA on Serum Lipids
 
EPADHA
Triglyceride↓↓
HDL-cholesterol↑↑
LDL-cholesterol
LDL particle size