J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 3, March 2018, pages 226-232

Stress Factors Associated With Burnout Among Attending Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study

**Table 1.** Participant Characteristics, Mean SOC Scores, and Mean Working Hours (N = 1,061)
Characteristic	Value
SD: standard deviation; SOC: sense of coherence; BSJS: brief scales for job stress. ^an = 834.
Age, years (mean ± SD)	40.8 ± 6.9
Physician experience, years (mean ± SD)	15.3 ± 6.7
Sex, n (%)
Male	892 (84.1)
Female	169 (15.9)
Frequency of resident instruction, n (%)
Almost every day	336 (31.7)
4-5 times a week	219 (20.6)
2-3 times a week	269 (25.4)
Once a week	106 (10.0)
Less than once a week	131 (12.3)
Mean number of hours worked per week^a (mean ± SD)	79.3 ± 17.2
< 60, n (%)	84 (10.1)
≥ 60 to < 80, n (%)	394 (47.2)
≥ 80 to < 100, n (%)	256 (30.7)
≥ 100, n (%)	100 (12.0)
Burnout, n (%)	182 (17.2)
SOC score (mean ± SD)	44.5 ± 7.3
Low (≤ 41), n (%)	359 (33.8)
Medium (≥ 42 to ≤ 47), n (%)	328 (30.9)
High (≥ 48), n (%)	374 (35.2)
BSJS score (mean ± SD)
Stress factors
Workload	2.5 ± 0.74
Mental workload	2.2 ± 0.70
Problems in personal relationships	1.8 ± 0.69
Buffering factors
Job control	2.8 ± 0.68
Reward from work	3.2 ± 0.69
Support from colleagues and superiors	2.9 ± 0.61

Table 1. Participant Characteristics, Mean SOC Scores, and Mean Working Hours (N = 1,061)

Characteristic

Value

SD: standard deviation; SOC: sense of coherence; BSJS: brief scales for job stress. ^an = 834.

Age, years (mean ± SD)

40.8 ± 6.9

Physician experience, years (mean ± SD)

15.3 ± 6.7

Sex, n (%)

Male

892 (84.1)

Female

169 (15.9)

Frequency of resident instruction, n (%)

Almost every day

336 (31.7)

4-5 times a week

219 (20.6)

2-3 times a week

269 (25.4)

Once a week

106 (10.0)

Less than once a week

131 (12.3)

Mean number of hours worked per week^a (mean ± SD)

79.3 ± 17.2

< 60, n (%)

84 (10.1)

≥ 60 to < 80, n (%)

394 (47.2)

≥ 80 to < 100, n (%)

256 (30.7)

≥ 100, n (%)

100 (12.0)

Burnout, n (%)

182 (17.2)

SOC score (mean ± SD)

44.5 ± 7.3

Low (≤ 41), n (%)

359 (33.8)

Medium (≥ 42 to ≤ 47), n (%)

328 (30.9)

High (≥ 48), n (%)

374 (35.2)

BSJS score (mean ± SD)

Stress factors

Workload

2.5 ± 0.74

Mental workload

2.2 ± 0.70

Problems in personal relationships

1.8 ± 0.69

Buffering factors

Job control

2.8 ± 0.68

Reward from work

3.2 ± 0.69

Support from colleagues and superiors

2.9 ± 0.61

**Table 2.** Association Between Burnout and Demographic Information, Mean SOC Scores, Mean Working Hours, and BSJS Scores (N = 1,061)
	Burnout (-), n = 879	Burnout (+), n = 182	P value
SD: standard deviation; SOC: sense of coherence; BSJS: Brief Scales for Job Stress.^at-test. ^bChi-square test. ^cn = 834.
Age^a, years (mean ± SD)	41.0 ± 6.9	39.6 ± 6.4	0.02
Physician experience^a, years (mean ± SD)	15.6 ± 6.8	14.0 ± 6.2	< 0.01
Sex^b, n (%)			< 0.01
Male	751 (86.4)	141 (78.5)
Female	128 (14.6)	41 (22.5)
Mean number of hours worked per week^{b, c} (mean ± SD)	78.1 ± 17.2	84.6 ± 16.6	< 0.01
< 60, n (%)	80 (95.2)	4 (4.8)	< 0.01
≥ 60 to < 80, n (%)	333 (84.5)	61 (15.5)
≥ 80 to < 100, n (%)	198 (77.3)	58 (22.7)
≥ 100, n (%)	67 (67.0)	33 (33.0)
SOC score^a (mean ± SD)	45.8 ± 6.6	37.8 ± 6.6	< 0.01
BSJS score^a (mean ± SD)
Workload	2.4 ± 0.72	2.9 ± 0.69	< 0.01
Mental workload	2.1 ± 0.63	2.8 ± 0.72	< 0.01
Problems in personal relationships	1.7 ± 0.65	2.2 ± 0.74	< 0.01
Buffering factors
Job control	2.9 ± 0.65	2.5 ± 0.72	< 0.01
Reward from work	3.3 ± 0.65	2.7 ± 0.71	< 0.01
Support from colleagues and superiors	2.9 ± 0.60	2.7 ± 0.62	< 0.01

Table 2. Association Between Burnout and Demographic Information, Mean SOC Scores, Mean Working Hours, and BSJS Scores (N = 1,061)

Burnout (-), n = 879

Burnout (+), n = 182

P value

SD: standard deviation; SOC: sense of coherence; BSJS: Brief Scales for Job Stress.^at-test. ^bChi-square test. ^cn = 834.

Age^a, years (mean ± SD)

41.0 ± 6.9

39.6 ± 6.4

0.02

Physician experience^a, years (mean ± SD)

15.6 ± 6.8

14.0 ± 6.2

< 0.01

Sex^b, n (%)

< 0.01

Male

751 (86.4)

141 (78.5)

Female

128 (14.6)

41 (22.5)

Mean number of hours worked per week^{b, c} (mean ± SD)

78.1 ± 17.2

84.6 ± 16.6

< 0.01

< 60, n (%)

80 (95.2)

4 (4.8)

< 0.01

≥ 60 to < 80, n (%)

333 (84.5)

61 (15.5)

≥ 80 to < 100, n (%)

198 (77.3)

58 (22.7)

≥ 100, n (%)

67 (67.0)

33 (33.0)

SOC score^a (mean ± SD)

45.8 ± 6.6

37.8 ± 6.6

< 0.01

BSJS score^a (mean ± SD)

Workload

2.4 ± 0.72

2.9 ± 0.69

< 0.01

Mental workload

2.1 ± 0.63

2.8 ± 0.72

< 0.01

Problems in personal relationships

1.7 ± 0.65

2.2 ± 0.74

< 0.01

Buffering factors

Job control

2.9 ± 0.65

2.5 ± 0.72

< 0.01

Reward from work

3.3 ± 0.65

2.7 ± 0.71

< 0.01

Support from colleagues and superiors

2.9 ± 0.60

2.7 ± 0.62

< 0.01

**Table 3.** Logistic Regression Analysis of Burnout and SOC Groups, Mean Working Hours, Job Stress, and Buffer Factors (n = 834)
Variable	OR	95% CI	P value
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SOC: sense of coherence; BSJS: brief scales for job stress.
Physician experience	1.0	0.97 - 1.04	0.86
Sex
Male	1
Female	3.0	1.70 - 5.32	< 0.01
SOC score
Low	4.7	2.31 - 9.63	< 0.01
Medium	2.8	1.32 - 5.76	< 0.01
High	1
Mean number of hours worked per week
< 60	1
≥ 60 to < 80	4.4	1.42 - 13.70	0.01
≥ 80 to < 100	6.1	1.91 - 19.35	< 0.01
≥ 100	7.8	2.21 - 27.42	< 0.01
BSJS score
Mental workload	3.5	2.52 - 5.00	< 0.01
Reward from work	0.3	0.23 - 0.46	< 0.01

Table 3. Logistic Regression Analysis of Burnout and SOC Groups, Mean Working Hours, Job Stress, and Buffer Factors (n = 834)

Variable

95% CI

P value

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SOC: sense of coherence; BSJS: brief scales for job stress.

Physician experience

1.0

0.97 - 1.04

0.86

Sex

Male

Female

3.0

1.70 - 5.32

< 0.01

SOC score

Low

4.7

2.31 - 9.63

< 0.01

Medium

2.8

1.32 - 5.76

< 0.01

High

Mean number of hours worked per week

< 60

≥ 60 to < 80

4.4

1.42 - 13.70

0.01

≥ 80 to < 100

6.1

1.91 - 19.35

< 0.01

≥ 100

7.8

2.21 - 27.42

< 0.01

BSJS score

Mental workload

3.5

2.52 - 5.00

< 0.01

Reward from work

0.3

0.23 - 0.46

< 0.01