J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 10, October 2017, pages 872-878

Relationship Between Serum Total Testosterone Concentration and Augmentation Index at Radial Artery in Japanese Postmenopausal Patients

Figure 1. Comparisons of r-AIx or T-T between non-CVD and CVD patients. r-AIx significantly increased (CVD vs. non-CVD: 99±11% vs. 91±11%, P < 0.001) and T-T significantly decreased (CVD vs. non-CVD: 0.31 ± 0.13 ng/mL vs. 0.49 ± 0.23 ng/mL, P < 0.001) in CVD patients than in non-CVD patients. r-AIx: radial augmentation index; T-T: serum total testosterone concentration; CVD: cardiovascular disease. *P < 0.001 vs. non-CVD.

Figure 2. The association between r-AIx and T-T. A significant negative correlation between r-AIx and T-T (r = -0.48, P < 0.001) was observed. r-AIx: radial augmentation index; T-T: serum total testosterone concentration.

**Table 1.** Patient Characteristics
Data are expressed mean ± SD. BP: blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; d-ROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; T-T: total testosterone; r-AIx: radial augmentation index; RAS: renin- angiotensin system.
n	447
Age (years)	73 ± 10
Height (m)	1.57 ± 0.09
Body weight (kg)	56 ± 10
Body mass index (kg/m²)	22.8 ± 3.8
Current smoker (%)	32 (7)
Hypertension (%)	321 (72)
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	146 ± 8
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	89 ± 9
Pulse rate (/min)	68 ± 18
Dyslipidemia (%)	268 (60)
Diabetes mellitus (%)	139 (31)
CVD (%)	143 (32)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	214 ± 38
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	134 ± 35
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	132 ± 56
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	53 ± 14
FBG (mg/dL)	112 ± 24
IRI (µg/mL)	7.3 ± 4.6
HOMA-IR	2.0 ± 1.4
Log hs-CRP (mg/L)	-1.3 ± 0.6
d-ROMs test (U. Carr)	309 ± 82
Detection of estradiol (%)	377 (84)
Estradiol (pg/mL)	7.8 ± 3.3
T-T (ng/mL)	0.4 ± 0.2
r-AIx(%)	94 ± 12
Medications
RAS inhibitor (%)	197 (44)
Statin (%)	160 (36)

Table 1. Patient Characteristics

Data are expressed mean ± SD. BP: blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; d-ROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; T-T: total testosterone; r-AIx: radial augmentation index; RAS: renin- angiotensin system.

447

Age (years)

73 ± 10

Height (m)

1.57 ± 0.09

Body weight (kg)

56 ± 10

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.8 ± 3.8

Current smoker (%)

32 (7)

Hypertension (%)

321 (72)

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

146 ± 8

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

89 ± 9

Pulse rate (/min)

68 ± 18

Dyslipidemia (%)

268 (60)

Diabetes mellitus (%)

139 (31)

CVD (%)

143 (32)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

214 ± 38

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

134 ± 35

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

132 ± 56

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

53 ± 14

FBG (mg/dL)

112 ± 24

IRI (µg/mL)

7.3 ± 4.6

HOMA-IR

2.0 ± 1.4

Log hs-CRP (mg/L)

-1.3 ± 0.6

d-ROMs test (U. Carr)

309 ± 82

Detection of estradiol (%)

377 (84)

Estradiol (pg/mL)

7.8 ± 3.3

T-T (ng/mL)

0.4 ± 0.2

r-AIx(%)

94 ± 12

Medications

RAS inhibitor (%)

197 (44)

Statin (%)

160 (36)

**Table 2.** Relationships Between r-AIx, T-T and Various Clinical Parameters
	r
r-AIx: radial augmentation index; T-T: total testosterone; BP: blood pressure; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; d-ROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; RAS: renin-angiotensin system.
Age	0.22*	-0.28*
Height	-0.29*	-0.05
Body weight	-0.05	-0.07
Body mass index	-0.09	-0.07
Current smoker (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.15**	0.04
Hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.13**	0.13**
Systolic BP	0.11***	0.08
Diastolic BP	0.07	0.06
Pulse rate	-0.21*	0.08
Dyslipidemia (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.03	0.02
Diabetes mellitus (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.09	-0.16**
Total cholesterol	0.03	-0.04
LDL-cholesterol	0.02	-0.03
Triglyceride	-0.04	-0.03
HDL-cholesterol	0.03	0.02
FBG	0.09	-0.11***
IRI	0.08	-0.12**
HOMA-IR	0.09	-0.12**
Log hs-CRP	0.21*	-0.28*
d-ROMs test	0.40*	-0.41*
Detection of estradiol (yes = 1, no = 0)	-0.21*	0.43*
Estradiol	-0.13**	0.24*
RAS inhibitor (yes = 1, no = 0)	-0.09	-0.09
Statin (yes = 1, no = 0)	-0.08	-0.07

Table 2. Relationships Between r-AIx, T-T and Various Clinical Parameters

r-AIx

T-T

r-AIx: radial augmentation index; T-T: total testosterone; BP: blood pressure; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; d-ROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; RAS: renin-angiotensin system.

Age

0.22*

-0.28*

Height

-0.29*

-0.05

Body weight

-0.05

-0.07

Body mass index

-0.09

-0.07

Current smoker (yes = 1, no = 0)

0.15**

0.04

Hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0)

0.13**

Systolic BP

0.11***

0.08

Diastolic BP

0.07

0.06

Pulse rate

-0.21*

0.08

Dyslipidemia (yes = 1, no = 0)

0.03

0.02

Diabetes mellitus (yes = 1, no = 0)

0.09

-0.16**

Total cholesterol

0.03

-0.04

LDL-cholesterol

0.02

-0.03

Triglyceride

-0.04

-0.03

HDL-cholesterol

0.03

0.02

FBG

0.09

-0.11***

IRI

0.08

-0.12**

HOMA-IR

0.09

-0.12**

Log hs-CRP

0.21*

-0.28*

d-ROMs test

0.40*

-0.41*

Detection of estradiol (yes = 1, no = 0)

-0.21*

0.43*

Estradiol

-0.13**

0.24*

RAS inhibitor (yes = 1, no = 0)

-0.09

Statin (yes = 1, no = 0)

-0.08

-0.07

**Table 3.** Multiple Regression Analysis for r-AIx
Explanatory factor	β	t value	P value
R² = 0.32, F value = 25.9, P < 0.001, n = 447. r-AIx: radial augmentation index; T-T: total testosterone; d-ROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BP: blood pressure; β: standardized regression coefficient; R²: coefficient of determination; F value: variance ratio.
T-T	-0.38	-7.7	< 0.001
Height	-0.22	-5.3	< 0.001
d-ROMs test	0.17	3.2	< 0.001
CVD	0.15	2.9	< 0.01
Pulse rate	-0.14	-2.7	< 0.01
Age	0.09	1.9	0.053
Hypertension	0.08	0.7	0.104
FBG	0.07	1.5	0.158
Diabetes mellitus	0.07	1.4	0.177
IRI	0.05	1.1	0.223
HOMA-IR	0.03	0.6	0.573
Estradiol	0.02	0.4	0.693
Log hs-CRP	-0.03	-0.6	0.552
Systolic BP	-0.04	-0.7	0.521
Current smoker	-0.05	-0.8	0.379

Table 3. Multiple Regression Analysis for r-AIx

Explanatory factor

t value

P value

R² = 0.32, F value = 25.9, P < 0.001, n = 447. r-AIx: radial augmentation index; T-T: total testosterone; d-ROMs: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BP: blood pressure; β: standardized regression coefficient; R²: coefficient of determination; F value: variance ratio.

T-T

-0.38

-7.7

< 0.001

Height

-0.22

-5.3

< 0.001

d-ROMs test

0.17

3.2

< 0.001

CVD

0.15

2.9

< 0.01

Pulse rate

-0.14

-2.7

< 0.01

Age

0.09

1.9

0.053

Hypertension

0.08

0.7

0.104

FBG

0.07

1.5

0.158

Diabetes mellitus

0.07

1.4

0.177

IRI

0.05

1.1

0.223

HOMA-IR

0.03

0.6

0.573

Estradiol

0.02

0.4

0.693

Log hs-CRP

-0.03

-0.6

0.552

Systolic BP

-0.04

-0.7

0.521

Current smoker

-0.05

-0.8

0.379