Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Review

Volume 9, Number 10, October 2017, pages 821-825

The Low-Dose (7.5 mg/day) Pioglitazone Therapy

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Efficacy and safety of the low-dose (7.5 mg/day) pioglitazone therapy. Low dose of pioglitazone could improve the efficacy and safety, but reduce the side effect to the minimum, suggesting that low dose might be the optimal dose. Briefly, the low-dose pioglitazone therapy may show the same degree of improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and adiponectin as the standard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy. Furthermore, the low-dose pioglitazone therapy may also show less adverse effects on weight gain, edema and heart failure as compared with the standard- and high-dose pioglitazone therapy.

Table

Table 1. Effects of Low- (7.5 mg/day), Standard- (15 mg/day) and High-Dose (30 mg/day) Pioglitazone on Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone
 
AuthorDuration of treatment7.5 mg15 mg30 mg
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; PPG: postprandial plasma glucose. *P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline, respectively.
Rajagopalan et al [8]12 weeksEfficacyHbA1c (%)-0.5**-0.6**-0.7**
FPG (mg/dL)-30.6**-40.3**-41.1**
PPG (mg/dL)-48.3**-53.3**-54.6**
C-peptide (ng/mL)-0.4**-0.4**-0.8**
Adiponectin (µg/dL)+10.6**+11.3**+12.1**
Triglyceride (mg/dL)-19.6**-18.1**-24.1**
HDL-C (mg/dL)+3.3**+3.2**+4.2**
SafetyBody weight (kg)+0.2+0.9**+1.9**
BMI (kg/m2)+0.1+0.3**+0.8**
Body fat (%)+0.1+0.8**+1.2**
Majima et al [9]6 monthsEfficacyHbA1c (%)-0.61**-0.69**
FPG (mg/dL)-23.91**-27.87**
IRI (µU/mL)-0.71**-0.69**
Triglyceride (mg/dL)-21.32**-26.93**
HDL-C (mg/dL)+3.53**+4.55**
SafetyBody weight (kg)+1.14+2.79
Body fat (%)+1.97+4.75
Edema2/54 (3.7%)11/41 (26.8%)
Panikar et al [10]6 monthsEfficacyHbA1c (%)↓↓↓
SafetyBody weight (kg)+0.88**+1.62**+2.72**
Adachi et al [7]2 monthsEfficacyHbA1c (%)-0.8*-0.7*
ALT (U/mL)-6.8*-4.5
SafetyBody weight (kg)-1.0+0.9
BNP (pg/mL)+0.8+12.1*