J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 9, September 2017, pages 781-776

Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident on Assisted Reproductive Technology in Fukushima Prefecture: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

Figure 1. Proportion and trends of women who conceived with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) before and after the disaster. Open and closed columns indicate the number of women who conceived without and with IVF-ET, respectively. Closed circles represent incidences of women who conceived with IVF-ET.

**Table 1.** Maternal Characteristics of Respondents
	Before the disaster	After the disaster	P value^‡
Number in parentheses are the percentage. PIH: pregnancy induced hypertension; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; NA: not applicable. *P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group before the disaster. ^†P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group after the disaster. ^‡Differences between the IVF-ET groups before and after the disaster.
Maternal age, years (mean ± SD)	30.1 ± 4.9	35.5 ± 4.3*	30.0 ± 5.0	35.9 ± 3.8^†	0.33
< 35	5,392 (80.7)	55 (39.9)*	4,151 (81.0)	32 (31.4)^†	0.18
35 - 39	1,119 (16.7)	60 (43.5)*	810 (15.8)	56 (54.9)^†	0.18
≥ 40	171 (2.6)	23 (16.7)*	166 (3.2)*	14 (13.7)^†	0.59
Unknown/missing	0	0	21	0
Twin pregnancy	50 (0.7)	11 (8.0)*	47 (0.9)	6 (5.9)^†	0.62
Unknown/missing	5	0	3	0
Medical complications
Hypertension	15 (0.2)	0	12 (0.2)	1 (1.0)	0.43
Diabetes	16 (0.2)	0	10 (0.2)	0	NA
Cancer	21 (0.3)	3 (2.2)*	25 (0.5)	3 (2.9)^†	0.70
Respiratory disease	133 (2.0)	3 (2.2)	199 (3.9)*	1 (1.0)	0.64
Thyroid disease	103 (1.5)	3 (2.2)	91 (1.8)	4 (3.9)	0.46
Mental disorder	105 (1.6)	2 (1.4)	124 (2.4)*	2 (2.0)	1.00
Others	384 (5.7)	12 (8.7)	224 (4.4)*	12 (11.8)^†	0.40
Unknown/missing	30	1	17	0
Complications of pregnancy
PIH	207 (3.1)	10 (7.2)*	155 (3.0)	5 (4.9)	0.46
GDM	108 (1.6)	3 (2.2)	89 (1.7)	2 (2.0)	1.00
Placenta previa	80 (1.2)	4 (2.9)	57 (1.1)	5 (4.9)^†	0.50
Hydramnios	21 (0.3)	1 (0.7)	13 (0.3)	0	1.00
Oligoamnios	87 (1.3)	4 (2.9)	90 (1.7)*	3 (2.9)	1.00
Infections	103 (1.5)	2 (1.4)	169 (3.3)*	4 (3.9)	0.41

Table 1. Maternal Characteristics of Respondents

Before the disaster

After the disaster

P value^‡

Without IVF-ET (n = 6,682)

IVF-ET (n = 138)

Without IVF-ET (n = 5,148)

IVF-ET (n = 102)

Number in parentheses are the percentage. PIH: pregnancy induced hypertension; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; NA: not applicable. *P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group before the disaster. ^†P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group after the disaster. ^‡Differences between the IVF-ET groups before and after the disaster.

Maternal age, years (mean ± SD)

30.1 ± 4.9

35.5 ± 4.3*

30.0 ± 5.0

35.9 ± 3.8^†

0.33

< 35

5,392 (80.7)

55 (39.9)*

4,151 (81.0)

32 (31.4)^†

0.18

35 - 39

1,119 (16.7)

60 (43.5)*

810 (15.8)

56 (54.9)^†

0.18

≥ 40

171 (2.6)

23 (16.7)*

166 (3.2)*

14 (13.7)^†

0.59

Unknown/missing

Twin pregnancy

50 (0.7)

11 (8.0)*

47 (0.9)

6 (5.9)^†

0.62

Unknown/missing

Medical complications

Hypertension

15 (0.2)

12 (0.2)

1 (1.0)

0.43

Diabetes

16 (0.2)

10 (0.2)

Cancer

21 (0.3)

3 (2.2)*

25 (0.5)

3 (2.9)^†

0.70

Respiratory disease

133 (2.0)

3 (2.2)

199 (3.9)*

1 (1.0)

0.64

Thyroid disease

103 (1.5)

3 (2.2)

91 (1.8)

4 (3.9)

0.46

Mental disorder

105 (1.6)

2 (1.4)

124 (2.4)*

2 (2.0)

1.00

Others

384 (5.7)

12 (8.7)

224 (4.4)*

12 (11.8)^†

0.40

Unknown/missing

Complications of pregnancy

PIH

207 (3.1)

10 (7.2)*

155 (3.0)

5 (4.9)

0.46

GDM

108 (1.6)

3 (2.2)

89 (1.7)

2 (2.0)

1.00

Placenta previa

80 (1.2)

4 (2.9)

57 (1.1)

5 (4.9)^†

0.50

Hydramnios

21 (0.3)

1 (0.7)

13 (0.3)

1.00

Oligoamnios

87 (1.3)

4 (2.9)

90 (1.7)*

3 (2.9)

1.00

Infections

103 (1.5)

2 (1.4)

169 (3.3)*

4 (3.9)

0.41

**Table 2.** Obstetric Outcomes of Respondents
	Before the disaster	After the disaster	P value ^‡
Number in parentheses are the percentage. NA: not applicable. *P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group before the disaster. ^†P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group after the disaster. ^‡Differences between the IVF-ET groups before and after the disaster.
Pregnancies
Gestational age at birth (weeks ± SD)	38.9 ± 2.2	38.2 ± 3.6*	38.7 ± 2.7*	38.1 ± 4.0	0.49
Preterm birth
< 28 weeks	13 (0.2)	0	17 (0.3)	2 (2.0)^†	0.18
< 34 weeks	56 (0.8)	1 (0.7)	62 (1.2)*	4 (4.0)^†	0.17
< 37 weeks	265 (4.0)	10 (7.4)	272 (5.3)*	13 (12.9)^†	0.16
Unknown/missing	28	2	42	1
Delivery mode
spontaneous cephalic	4,557 (69.6)	55 (42.0)*	3,364 (68.3)	31 (31.3)^†	0.10
instrumental	698 (10.7)	16 (12.2)*	535 (10.9)	21 (21.2)^†
elective cesarean	1,295 (19.8)	60 (45.8)*	1,024 (20.8)	47 (47.5)^†
Unknown/missing	132	7	225	3
Infants	n = 6,703	n = 147	n = 5,152	n = 107
Sex
Male	3,436 (51.7)	80 (54.4)	2,645 (51.9)	61 (57.0)	0.68
Female	3,211 (48.3)	67 (45.6)	2,455 (48.1)	46 (43.0)
Unknown/missing	56	0	52	0
Birth weight at birth (g)	3,024 ± 409	2,978 ± 440	2,989 ± 436*	2,855 ± 578^†	0.25
Low birth weight infant < 2,500 g	538 (8.1)	20 (13.6)*	499 (9.8)*	21 (19.6)^†	0.20
Unknown/missing	52	0	51	0
Congenital anomalies	178 (2.8)	5 (3.4)	130 (2.6)	3 (2.9)	1.00
Unknown/missing	259	0	133	3

Table 2. Obstetric Outcomes of Respondents

Before the disaster

After the disaster

P value ^‡

Without IVF-ET (n = 6,682)

IVF-ET (n = 138)

Without IVF-ET (n = 5,148)

IVF-ET (n = 102)

Number in parentheses are the percentage. NA: not applicable. *P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group before the disaster. ^†P < 0.05, in relation to the without IVF-ET group after the disaster. ^‡Differences between the IVF-ET groups before and after the disaster.

Pregnancies

Gestational age at birth (weeks ± SD)

38.9 ± 2.2

38.2 ± 3.6*

38.7 ± 2.7*

38.1 ± 4.0

0.49

Preterm birth

< 28 weeks

13 (0.2)

17 (0.3)

2 (2.0)^†

0.18

< 34 weeks

56 (0.8)

1 (0.7)

62 (1.2)*

4 (4.0)^†

0.17

< 37 weeks

265 (4.0)

10 (7.4)

272 (5.3)*

13 (12.9)^†

0.16

Unknown/missing

Delivery mode

spontaneous cephalic

4,557 (69.6)

55 (42.0)*

3,364 (68.3)

31 (31.3)^†

0.10

instrumental

698 (10.7)

16 (12.2)*

535 (10.9)

21 (21.2)^†

elective cesarean

1,295 (19.8)

60 (45.8)*

1,024 (20.8)

47 (47.5)^†

Unknown/missing

132

225

Infants

n = 6,703

n = 147

n = 5,152

n = 107

Sex

Male

3,436 (51.7)

80 (54.4)

2,645 (51.9)

61 (57.0)

0.68

Female

3,211 (48.3)

67 (45.6)

2,455 (48.1)

46 (43.0)

Unknown/missing

Birth weight at birth (g)

3,024 ± 409

2,978 ± 440

2,989 ± 436*

2,855 ± 578^†

0.25

Low birth weight infant < 2,500 g

538 (8.1)

20 (13.6)*

499 (9.8)*

21 (19.6)^†

0.20

Unknown/missing

Congenital anomalies

178 (2.8)

5 (3.4)

130 (2.6)

3 (2.9)

1.00

Unknown/missing

259

133