J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 7, July 2017, pages 605-612

Effects of Six Kinds of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Metabolic Parameters, and Summarized Effect and Its Correlations With Baseline Data

**Table 1.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Tofogliflozin
	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	3 months after, mean ± SD	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	6 months after, mean ± SD
P < 0.1 and *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)	12	85.9 ± 15.1	83.1 ± 13.2**	11	81.5 ± 12.4	79.1 ± 11.3**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	7	124.0 ± 12.9	123.9 ± 7.5	8	127.3 ± 15.1	126.4 ± 11.0
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	7	73.6 ± 6.1	74.3 ± 6.8	8	76.0 ± 8.9	76.9 ± 5.2
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	19	214.7 ± 91.0	189.1 ± 76.2	16	217.6 ± 95.7	191.6 ± 67.5
HbA1c (%)	13	8.6 ± 1.5	7.8 ± 1.5**	12	8.7 ± 1.4	7.9 ± 1.2*
AST (U/L)	19	28.1 ± 14.2	23.7 ± 7.8*	16	30.9 ± 18.0	28.7 ± 18.7
ALT (U/L)	19	33.8 ± 27.3	26.6 ± 11.8	16	36.8 ± 29.4	34.9 ± 33.7
γ-GT (U/L)	11	36.4 ± 22.4	29.9 ± 14.3	10	46.1 ± 30.1	40.1 ± 26.2*
Uric acid (mg/dL)	19	5.3 ± 1.2	5.0 ± 1.1	16	5.3 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 0.9*
TG (mg/dL)	17	216.6 ± 114.4	214.1 ± 188.8	16	219.4 ± 118.5	204.1 ± 123.8
HDL-C (mg/dL)	17	50.4 ± 10.5	51.8 ± 9.4	16	50.1 ± 10.0	52.8 ± 8.9
LDL-C (mg/dL)	16	113.8 ± 39.4	112.7 ± 36.1	15	112.4 ± 39.6	108.2 ± 28.4
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	7	139.9 ± 24.2	137.9 ± 22.3	5	135.2 ± 22.9	142.4 ± 29.2

Table 1. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Tofogliflozin

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.

Body weight (kg)

85.9 ± 15.1

83.1 ± 13.2**

81.5 ± 12.4

79.1 ± 11.3**

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

124.0 ± 12.9

123.9 ± 7.5

127.3 ± 15.1

126.4 ± 11.0

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

73.6 ± 6.1

74.3 ± 6.8

76.0 ± 8.9

76.9 ± 5.2

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

214.7 ± 91.0

189.1 ± 76.2

217.6 ± 95.7

191.6 ± 67.5

HbA1c (%)

8.6 ± 1.5

7.8 ± 1.5**

8.7 ± 1.4

7.9 ± 1.2*

AST (U/L)

28.1 ± 14.2

23.7 ± 7.8*

30.9 ± 18.0

28.7 ± 18.7

ALT (U/L)

33.8 ± 27.3

26.6 ± 11.8

36.8 ± 29.4

34.9 ± 33.7

γ-GT (U/L)

36.4 ± 22.4

29.9 ± 14.3

46.1 ± 30.1

40.1 ± 26.2*

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.3 ± 1.2

5.0 ± 1.1

5.3 ± 1.2

4.9 ± 0.9*

TG (mg/dL)

216.6 ± 114.4

214.1 ± 188.8

219.4 ± 118.5

204.1 ± 123.8

HDL-C (mg/dL)

50.4 ± 10.5

51.8 ± 9.4

50.1 ± 10.0

52.8 ± 8.9

LDL-C (mg/dL)

113.8 ± 39.4

112.7 ± 36.1

112.4 ± 39.6

108.2 ± 28.4

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

139.9 ± 24.2

137.9 ± 22.3

135.2 ± 22.9

142.4 ± 29.2

**Table 2.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Canagliflozin
	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	3 months after, mean ± SD	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	6 months after, mean ± SD
P < 0.1 and *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)	21	79.4 ± 12.9	78.5 ± 13.3*	19	80.3±13.1	78.8 ± 13.3*
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	23	131.6 ± 12.1	126.0 ± 17.3*	21	131.9 ± 28.7	120.6 ± 15.4**
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	23	76.9 ± 10.1	76.4 ± 10.7	21	77.4 ± 10.8	72.0 ± 10.4**
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	27	214.3 ± 75.9	175.4 ± 72.7**	27	210.9 ± 74.7	170.0 ± 49.7**
HbA1c (%)	25	8.6 ± 1.6	7.7 ± 1.1**	24	8.7 ± 1.6	7.7 ± 1.0**
AST (U/L)	27	30.9 ± 33.2	23.9 ± 11.1	27	30.1 ± 33.2	23.7 ± 10.5
ALT (U/L)	26	41.7 ± 49.1	34.6 ± 28.2	26	40.5 ± 49.2	30.3 ± 20.2
γ-GT (U/L)	22	37.5 ± 24.0	30.8 ± 18.9**	23	36.7 ± 23.7	31.3 ± 21.8*
Uric acid (mg/dL)	25	5.3 ± 1.4	5.1 ± 1.2	26	5.0 ± 1.1	5.0 ± 1.1
TG (mg/dL)	25	196.0 ± 135.7	166.9 ± 104.2*	26	193.5 ± 133.5	175.3 ± 125.2
HDL-C (mg/dL)	25	50.9 ± 12.8	50.3 ± 11.9	26	51.8 ± 13.4	51.3 ± 14.0
LDL-C (mg/dlL)	24	102.6 ± 29.1	104.3 ± 26.3	25	103.1 ± 28.6	109.2 ± 29.2
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	19	134.3 ± 36.4	129.2 ± 29.6	19	135.3 ± 36.4	135.9 ± 33.9

Table 2. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Canagliflozin

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.

Body weight (kg)

79.4 ± 12.9

78.5 ± 13.3*

80.3±13.1

78.8 ± 13.3*

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

131.6 ± 12.1

126.0 ± 17.3*

131.9 ± 28.7

120.6 ± 15.4**

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

76.9 ± 10.1

76.4 ± 10.7

77.4 ± 10.8

72.0 ± 10.4**

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

214.3 ± 75.9

175.4 ± 72.7**

210.9 ± 74.7

170.0 ± 49.7**

HbA1c (%)

8.6 ± 1.6

7.7 ± 1.1**

8.7 ± 1.6

7.7 ± 1.0**

AST (U/L)

30.9 ± 33.2

23.9 ± 11.1

30.1 ± 33.2

23.7 ± 10.5

ALT (U/L)

41.7 ± 49.1

34.6 ± 28.2

40.5 ± 49.2

30.3 ± 20.2

γ-GT (U/L)

37.5 ± 24.0

30.8 ± 18.9**

36.7 ± 23.7

31.3 ± 21.8*

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.3 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 1.2

5.0 ± 1.1

TG (mg/dL)

196.0 ± 135.7

166.9 ± 104.2*

193.5 ± 133.5

175.3 ± 125.2

HDL-C (mg/dL)

50.9 ± 12.8

50.3 ± 11.9

51.8 ± 13.4

51.3 ± 14.0

LDL-C (mg/dlL)

102.6 ± 29.1

104.3 ± 26.3

103.1 ± 28.6

109.2 ± 29.2

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

134.3 ± 36.4

129.2 ± 29.6

135.3 ± 36.4

135.9 ± 33.9

**Table 3.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Empagliflozin
	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	3 months after, mean ± SD	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	6 months after, mean ± SD
P < 0.1 and *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)	17	87.5 ± 21.4	86.6 ± 21.3	6	84.9 ± 30.9	80.2 ± 27.9**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	16	135.4 ± 17.9	128.1 ± 14.8	4	147.0 ± 31.4	146.3 ± 35.8
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	16	81.0 ± 16.0	78.6 ± 11.8	4	84.8 ± 23.9	88.0 ± 28.2
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	17	222.4 ± 73.0	171.5 ± 66.0*	6	205.7 ± 77.5	145.5 ± 38.6**
HbA1c (%)	17	9.4 ± 2.0	7.6 ± 1.1**	6	9.6 ± 2.6	7.4 ± 1.0**
AST (U/L)	17	31.2 ± 21.3	28.1 ± 17.8	6	24.8 ± 18.6	20.3 ± 7.1
ALT (U/L)	17	46.2 ± 43.5	39.6 ± 34.6	6	27.0 ± 21.1	20.0 ± 9.4
γ-GT (U/L)	16	104.6 ± 213.6	73.9 ± 127.7	5	29.0 ± 20.4	23.0 ± 9.8
Uric acid (mg/dL)	15	5.5 ± 2.2	5.1 ± 1.6	6	4.4 ± 1.7	5.2 ± 3.1
TG (mg/dL)	17	257.6 ± 204.3	173.3 ± 105.4**	6	164.0 ± 98.8	104.7 ± 36.7
HDL-C (mg/dL)	17	51.1 ± 16.5	52.5 ± 16.5	6	57.3 ± 24	63.0 ± 23.5**
LDL-C (mg/dL)	17	111.0 ± 29.1	102.6 ± 24.8	6	113.7 ± 36.6	107.2 ± 28.2
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	15	159.4 ± 50.6	134.9 ± 30.3**	5	145.4 ± 47.8	119.0 ± 28.9

Table 3. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Empagliflozin

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.

Body weight (kg)

87.5 ± 21.4

86.6 ± 21.3

84.9 ± 30.9

80.2 ± 27.9**

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

135.4 ± 17.9

128.1 ± 14.8

147.0 ± 31.4

146.3 ± 35.8

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

81.0 ± 16.0

78.6 ± 11.8

84.8 ± 23.9

88.0 ± 28.2

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

222.4 ± 73.0

171.5 ± 66.0*

205.7 ± 77.5

145.5 ± 38.6**

HbA1c (%)

9.4 ± 2.0

7.6 ± 1.1**

9.6 ± 2.6

7.4 ± 1.0**

AST (U/L)

31.2 ± 21.3

28.1 ± 17.8

24.8 ± 18.6

20.3 ± 7.1

ALT (U/L)

46.2 ± 43.5

39.6 ± 34.6

27.0 ± 21.1

20.0 ± 9.4

γ-GT (U/L)

104.6 ± 213.6

73.9 ± 127.7

29.0 ± 20.4

23.0 ± 9.8

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.5 ± 2.2

5.1 ± 1.6

4.4 ± 1.7

5.2 ± 3.1

TG (mg/dL)

257.6 ± 204.3

173.3 ± 105.4**

164.0 ± 98.8

104.7 ± 36.7

HDL-C (mg/dL)

51.1 ± 16.5

52.5 ± 16.5

57.3 ± 24

63.0 ± 23.5**

LDL-C (mg/dL)

111.0 ± 29.1

102.6 ± 24.8

113.7 ± 36.6

107.2 ± 28.2

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

159.4 ± 50.6

134.9 ± 30.3**

145.4 ± 47.8

119.0 ± 28.9

**Table 4.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Ipragliflozin
	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	3 months after, mean ± SD	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	6 months after, mean ± SD
P < 0.1 and *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)	21	90.9 ± 18.6	89.5 ± 18.1**	13	95.2 ± 20.9	93.8 ± 20.8*
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	17	130.5 ± 14.7	126.7 ± 19.0	15	127.3 ± 8.9	126.4 ± 21.1
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	17	77.5 ± 10.3	79.6 ± 12.1	15	74.3 ± 9.2	76.7 ± 10.2
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	23	176.1 ± 77.4	161.3 ± 78.9	19	176.8 ± 80.4	158.6 ± 60.2
HbA1c (%)	19	8.2 ± 1.6	7.5 ± 1.3**	16	8.2 ± 1.8	7.4 ± 1.1**
AST (U/L)	20	31.4 ± 19.7	26.8 ± 16.4	16	33.5 ± 21.1	27.0 ± 13.2**
ALT (U/L)	22	44.0 ± 39.0	36.7 ± 27.6	18	47.6 ± 42.0	37.4 ± 20.4
γ-GT (U/L)	17	64.5 ± 50.2	61.6 ± 46.7	14	59.2 ± 38.3	58.9 ± 38.2
Uric acid (mg/dL)	16	5.5 ± 1.4	5.4 ± 1.1	14	5.4 ± 1.4	5.0 ± 1.1
TG (mg/dL)	22	176.0 ± 69.6	161.0 ± 74.6	18	177.0 ± 76.2	172.1 ± 87.2
HDL-C (mg/dL)	22	47.2 ± 10.6	46.7 ± 13.0	18	48.3 ± 10.8	47.2 ± 13.0
LDL-C (mg/dL)	21	108.2 ± 30.3	105.6 ± 34.4	15	110.4 ± 30.6	102.5 ± 30.8
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	12	143.8 ± 29.1	140.3 ± 30.4	11	144.2 ± 30.1	134.5 ± 30.4

Table 4. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Ipragliflozin

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.

Body weight (kg)

90.9 ± 18.6

89.5 ± 18.1**

95.2 ± 20.9

93.8 ± 20.8*

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

130.5 ± 14.7

126.7 ± 19.0

127.3 ± 8.9

126.4 ± 21.1

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

77.5 ± 10.3

79.6 ± 12.1

74.3 ± 9.2

76.7 ± 10.2

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

176.1 ± 77.4

161.3 ± 78.9

176.8 ± 80.4

158.6 ± 60.2

HbA1c (%)

8.2 ± 1.6

7.5 ± 1.3**

8.2 ± 1.8

7.4 ± 1.1**

AST (U/L)

31.4 ± 19.7

26.8 ± 16.4

33.5 ± 21.1

27.0 ± 13.2**

ALT (U/L)

44.0 ± 39.0

36.7 ± 27.6

47.6 ± 42.0

37.4 ± 20.4

γ-GT (U/L)

64.5 ± 50.2

61.6 ± 46.7

59.2 ± 38.3

58.9 ± 38.2

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.5 ± 1.4

5.4 ± 1.1

5.4 ± 1.4

5.0 ± 1.1

TG (mg/dL)

176.0 ± 69.6

161.0 ± 74.6

177.0 ± 76.2

172.1 ± 87.2

HDL-C (mg/dL)

47.2 ± 10.6

46.7 ± 13.0

48.3 ± 10.8

47.2 ± 13.0

LDL-C (mg/dL)

108.2 ± 30.3

105.6 ± 34.4

110.4 ± 30.6

102.5 ± 30.8

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

143.8 ± 29.1

140.3 ± 30.4

144.2 ± 30.1

134.5 ± 30.4

**Table 5.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Dapagliflozin
	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	3 months after, mean ± SD	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	6 months after, mean ± SD
P < 0.1 and *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)	33	81.1 ± 17.4	79.5 ± 17.5**	27	78.5 ± 19.6	76.9 ± 19.1**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	30	130.2 ± 14.5	131.2 ± 17.0	23	127.1 ± 15.2	128.1 ± 16.1
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	30	79.7 ± 11.0	77.1 ± 13.2	22	80.6 ± 11.2	75.7 ± 9.9
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	29	188.8 ± 67.1	167.8 ± 64.1	23	184.0 ± 54.0	162.7 ± 91.0
HbA1c (%)	17	8.1 ± 2.0	7.4 ± 1.2**	12	8.5 ± 1.0	7.7 ± 1.2*
AST (U/L)	31	34.0 ± 28.3	30.8 ± 22.0	24	36.9 ± 31.8	24.0 ± 13.6**
ALT (U/L)	33	37.9 ± 27.3	37.2 ± 43.6	26	41.2 ± 29.3	29.6 ± 23.8**
γ-GT (U/L)	26	50.3 ± 33.0	48.1 ± 33.5	21	51.0 ± 30.6	43.2 ± 30.6
Uric acid (mg/dL)	20	5.8 ± 1.5	5.9 ± 1.6	16	5.6 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 1.6
TG (mg/dL)	25	224.2 ± 173.3	261.5 ± 284.5	19	268.1 ± 188.8	276.2 ± 269.8
HDL-C (mg/dL)	23	48.0 ± 12.4	49.3 ± 10.8	18	43.9 ± 10.2	47.9 ± 11.2**
LDL-C (mg/dL)	16	111.9 ± 42.7	99.9 ± 28.2	15	110.2 ± 32.3	108.9 ± 30.5
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	16	145.3 ± 45.5	141.5 ± 46.1	15	144.3 ± 36.7	151.9 ± 38.0

Table 5. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Dapagliflozin

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.

Body weight (kg)

81.1 ± 17.4

79.5 ± 17.5**

78.5 ± 19.6

76.9 ± 19.1**

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

130.2 ± 14.5

131.2 ± 17.0

127.1 ± 15.2

128.1 ± 16.1

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

79.7 ± 11.0

77.1 ± 13.2

80.6 ± 11.2

75.7 ± 9.9

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

188.8 ± 67.1

167.8 ± 64.1

184.0 ± 54.0

162.7 ± 91.0

HbA1c (%)

8.1 ± 2.0

7.4 ± 1.2**

8.5 ± 1.0

7.7 ± 1.2*

AST (U/L)

34.0 ± 28.3

30.8 ± 22.0

36.9 ± 31.8

24.0 ± 13.6**

ALT (U/L)

37.9 ± 27.3

37.2 ± 43.6

41.2 ± 29.3

29.6 ± 23.8**

γ-GT (U/L)

50.3 ± 33.0

48.1 ± 33.5

51.0 ± 30.6

43.2 ± 30.6

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.8 ± 1.5

5.9 ± 1.6

5.6 ± 1.3

6.1 ± 1.6

TG (mg/dL)

224.2 ± 173.3

261.5 ± 284.5

268.1 ± 188.8

276.2 ± 269.8

HDL-C (mg/dL)

48.0 ± 12.4

49.3 ± 10.8

43.9 ± 10.2

47.9 ± 11.2**

LDL-C (mg/dL)

111.9 ± 42.7

99.9 ± 28.2

110.2 ± 32.3

108.9 ± 30.5

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

145.3 ± 45.5

141.5 ± 46.1

144.3 ± 36.7

151.9 ± 38.0

**Table 6.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Luseogliflozin
	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	3 months after, mean ± SD	n	Baseline, mean ± SD	6 months after, mean ± SD
P < 0.1 and *P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)	29	81.3 ± 16.1	79.8 ± 16.1**	21	81.5 ± 15.6	79.8 ± 15.5**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	27	137.4 ± 20.8	129.9 ± 16.1*	21	134.7 ± 23.3	127.9 ± 23.2
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	27	83.9 ± 13.4	78.5 ± 11.1**	21	83.5 ± 13.9	77.2 ± 10.2**
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	32	201.8 ± 95.0	173.1 ± 70.5*	21	202.7 ± 94.0	177.5 ± 87.1*
HbA1c (%)	28	8.8 ± 1.6	8.0 ± 1.3**	20	8.7 ± 1.8	7.5 ± 1.0**
AST (U/L)	34	36.6 ± 29.4	30.1 ± 21.0**	22	42.7 ± 32.6	27.8 ± 19.6**
ALT (U/L)	35	47.0 ± 41.9	40.3 ± 36.2**	22	59.8 ± 47.3	43.9 ± 39.6**
γ-GT (U/L)	27	64.6 ± 50.4	50.3 ± 41.1**	20	73.8 ± 49.1	50.4 ± 33.4**
Uric acid (mg/dL)	26	5.7 ± 1.6	5.2 ± 1.6**	15	6.0 ± 1.2	5.4 ± 1.0**
TG (mg/dL)	30	213.5 ± 163.2	187.0 ± 134.6*	19	284.7 ± 174.5	223.3 ± 138.0**
HDL-C (mg/dL)	29	50.2 ± 13.6	51.2 ± 13.3	18	45.1 ± 7.9	45.4 ± 6.5
LDL-C (mg/dL)	30	113.3 ± 31.2	110.4 ± 38.4	19	113.0 ± 34.0	106.0 ± 36.7
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	24	146.2 ± 47.6	143.5 ± 48.2	15	163.5 ± 41.9	141.9 ± 37.1**

Table 6. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Luseogliflozin

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.

Body weight (kg)

81.3 ± 16.1

79.8 ± 16.1**

81.5 ± 15.6

79.8 ± 15.5**

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

137.4 ± 20.8

129.9 ± 16.1*

134.7 ± 23.3

127.9 ± 23.2

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

83.9 ± 13.4

78.5 ± 11.1**

83.5 ± 13.9

77.2 ± 10.2**

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

201.8 ± 95.0

173.1 ± 70.5*

202.7 ± 94.0

177.5 ± 87.1*

HbA1c (%)

8.8 ± 1.6

8.0 ± 1.3**

8.7 ± 1.8

7.5 ± 1.0**

AST (U/L)

36.6 ± 29.4

30.1 ± 21.0**

42.7 ± 32.6

27.8 ± 19.6**

ALT (U/L)

47.0 ± 41.9

40.3 ± 36.2**

59.8 ± 47.3

43.9 ± 39.6**

γ-GT (U/L)

64.6 ± 50.4

50.3 ± 41.1**

73.8 ± 49.1

50.4 ± 33.4**

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.7 ± 1.6

5.2 ± 1.6**

6.0 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 1.0**

TG (mg/dL)

213.5 ± 163.2

187.0 ± 134.6*

284.7 ± 174.5

223.3 ± 138.0**

HDL-C (mg/dL)

50.2 ± 13.6

51.2 ± 13.3

45.1 ± 7.9

45.4 ± 6.5

LDL-C (mg/dL)

113.3 ± 31.2

110.4 ± 38.4

113.0 ± 34.0

106.0 ± 36.7

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

146.2 ± 47.6

143.5 ± 48.2

163.5 ± 41.9

141.9 ± 37.1**

**Table 7.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of SGLT2 Inhibitors
	Baseline vs. 3 months after	Baseline vs. 6 months after
Body weight (kg)	131	83.7 ± 17.3	82.2 ± 17.1	< 0.001	97	82.5 ± 18.3	80.6 ± 17.8	< 0.001
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	118	132.3 ± 16.3	128.2 ± 16.3	0.012	92	130.8 ± 17.2	126.0 ± 20.6	0.024
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	118	79.5 ± 12.1	77.5 ± 11.5	0.045	91	79.3 ± 12.1	76.7 ± 12.3	0.077
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	145	201.1 ± 81.3	172.5 ± 71.0	< 0.001	112	198.8 ± 79.1	169.7 ± 70.7	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	117	8.6 ± 1.7	7.7 ± 1.2	< 0.001	90	8.6 ± 1.7	7.6 ± 1.1	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	146	32.8 ± 26.3	27.7 ± 17.5	0.001	111	34.4 ± 28.7	25.6 ± 14.8	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	150	42.2 ± 38.6	36.5 ± 33.2	0.014	114	44.3 ± 40.2	34.0 ± 27.7	< 0.001
γ-GT (U/L)	117	58.2 ± 86.4	48.3 ± 56.1	0.004	93	51.9 ± 36.8	42.8 ± 30.4	< 0.001
Uric acid (mg/dL)	119	5.5 ± 1.5	5.3 ± 1.4	0.032	93	5.4 ± 1.4	5.3 ± 1.4	0.299
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	134	212.5 ± 149.8	194.8 ± 168.1	0.084	104	223.2 ± 145.7	202.3 ± 159.4	0.063
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	131	49.6 ± 12.8	50.3 ± 12.6	0.194	102	48.7 ± 12.2	49.9 ± 12.7	0.059
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	126	108.8 ± 33.5	107.0 ± 30.8	0.374	100	109.3 ± 32.1	107.7 ± 30.2	0.51
Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	98	145.0 ± 42.1	138.2 ± 38.0	0.03	100	145.4 ± 37.1	139.6 ± 34.3	0.063

Table 7. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of SGLT2 Inhibitors

Baseline vs. 3 months after

Baseline vs. 6 months after

Baseline, mean ± SD

3 months after, mean ± SD

P value

Baseline, mean ± SD

6 months after, mean ± SD

P value

Body weight (kg)

131

83.7 ± 17.3

82.2 ± 17.1

< 0.001

82.5 ± 18.3

80.6 ± 17.8

< 0.001

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

118

132.3 ± 16.3

128.2 ± 16.3

0.012

130.8 ± 17.2

126.0 ± 20.6

0.024

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

118

79.5 ± 12.1

77.5 ± 11.5

0.045

79.3 ± 12.1

76.7 ± 12.3

0.077

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

145

201.1 ± 81.3

172.5 ± 71.0

< 0.001

112

198.8 ± 79.1

169.7 ± 70.7

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

117

8.6 ± 1.7

7.7 ± 1.2

< 0.001

8.6 ± 1.7

7.6 ± 1.1

< 0.001

AST (U/L)

146

32.8 ± 26.3

27.7 ± 17.5

0.001

111

34.4 ± 28.7

25.6 ± 14.8

< 0.001

ALT (U/L)

150

42.2 ± 38.6

36.5 ± 33.2

0.014

114

44.3 ± 40.2

34.0 ± 27.7

< 0.001

γ-GT (U/L)

117

58.2 ± 86.4

48.3 ± 56.1

0.004

51.9 ± 36.8

42.8 ± 30.4

< 0.001

Uric acid (mg/dL)

119

5.5 ± 1.5

5.3 ± 1.4

0.032

5.4 ± 1.4

5.3 ± 1.4

0.299

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

134

212.5 ± 149.8

194.8 ± 168.1

0.084

104

223.2 ± 145.7

202.3 ± 159.4

0.063

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

131

49.6 ± 12.8

50.3 ± 12.6

0.194

102

48.7 ± 12.2

49.9 ± 12.7

0.059

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

126

108.8 ± 33.5

107.0 ± 30.8

0.374

100

109.3 ± 32.1

107.7 ± 30.2

0.51

Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

145.0 ± 42.1

138.2 ± 38.0

0.03

100

145.4 ± 37.1

139.6 ± 34.3

0.063

Table 8. Summary of Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Each SGLT2 Inhibitor

SGLT2i

Tofogliflozin

Canagliflozin

Empagliflozin

Ipragliflozin

Dapagliflozin

Luseogliflozin

↓ and (↓) indicate P < 0.05 and P < 0.1, respectively.

Body weight

3 months

↓

(↓)

↓

6 months

↓

(↓)

↓

(↓)

↓

Systolic BP

3 months

↓

(↓)

6 months

↓

Diastolic BP

3 months

↓

6 months

(↓)

↓

Plasma glucose

3 months

↓

(↓)

6 months

↓

(↓)

HbA1c

3 months

↓

6 months

↓

(↓)

↓

(↓)

↓

AST

3 months

↓

(↓)

↓

6 months

↓

ALT

3 months

↓

6 months

↓

γ-GT

3 months

↓

6 months

↓

(↓)

↓

Uric acid

3 months

↓

6 months

(↓)

↓

3 months

(↓)

↓

(↓)

6 months

(↓)

↓

HDL-C

3 months

6 months

(↑)

↑

LDL-C

3 months

6 months

Non-HDL-C

3 months

↓

6 months

(↓)

↓

**Table 9.** The Most Crucial Determinant in Baseline Parameters for Changes in Metabolic Parameters by Using SGLT2 Inhibitors
Most crucial determinant	r	P value
Changes in body weight
Systolic BP
3 months	-0.205	0.02
6 months	-0.293	0.004
Changes in systolic BP
Systolic BP
3 months	-0.42	< 0.001
6 months	0.34	< 0.001
Changes in diastolic BP
Diastolic BP
3 months	-0.425	< 0.001
6 months	-0.611	< 0.001
Changes in plasma glucose
Plasma glucose
3 months	-0.676	< 0.001
6 months	-0.674	< 0.001
Changes in HbA1c
HbA1c
3 months	-0.619	< 0.001
6 months	-0.659	< 0.001
Changes in AST
AST
3 months	-0.582	< 0.001
6 months	-0.023	0.023
Changes in ALT
ALT
3 months	-0.441	< 0.001
6 months	-0.429	< 0.001
Changes in γ-GT
γ-GT
3 months	-0.517	< 0.001
ALT
6 months	-0.478	< 0.001
Changes in uric acid
Uric acid
3 months	-0.694	< 0.001
6 months	-0.463	< 0.001
Changes in TG
Non-HDL-C
3 months	-0.389	< 0.001
TG
6 months	-0.425	< 0.001
Changes in HDL-C
LDL-C
3 months	-0.445	< 0.001
HDL-C
6 months	-0.428	0.019
Changes in LDL-C
LDL-C
3 months	-0.351	< 0.001
6 months	-0.353	< 0.001
Changes in non-HDL-C
Non-HDL-C
3 months	-0.389	< 0.001
LDL-C
6 months	-0.458	< 0.001

Table 9. The Most Crucial Determinant in Baseline Parameters for Changes in Metabolic Parameters by Using SGLT2 Inhibitors

Most crucial determinant

P value

Changes in body weight

Systolic BP

3 months

-0.205

0.02

6 months

-0.293

0.004

Changes in systolic BP

Systolic BP

3 months

-0.42

< 0.001

6 months

0.34

< 0.001

Changes in diastolic BP

Diastolic BP

3 months

-0.425

< 0.001

6 months

-0.611

< 0.001

Changes in plasma glucose

Plasma glucose

3 months

-0.676

< 0.001

6 months

-0.674

< 0.001

Changes in HbA1c

HbA1c

3 months

-0.619

< 0.001

6 months

-0.659

< 0.001

Changes in AST

AST

3 months

-0.582

< 0.001

6 months

-0.023

0.023

Changes in ALT

ALT

3 months

-0.441

< 0.001

6 months

-0.429

< 0.001

Changes in γ-GT

γ-GT

3 months

-0.517

< 0.001

ALT

6 months

-0.478

< 0.001

Changes in uric acid

Uric acid

3 months

-0.694

< 0.001

6 months

-0.463

< 0.001

Changes in TG

Non-HDL-C

3 months

-0.389

< 0.001

6 months

-0.425

< 0.001

Changes in HDL-C

LDL-C

3 months

-0.445

< 0.001

HDL-C

6 months

-0.428

0.019

Changes in LDL-C

LDL-C

3 months

-0.351

< 0.001

6 months

-0.353

< 0.001

Changes in non-HDL-C

Non-HDL-C

3 months

-0.389

< 0.001

LDL-C

6 months

-0.458

< 0.001