J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Short Communication

Volume 9, Number 6, June 2017, pages 528-533

Epidemiological Profile of Hispanics Admitted With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Puerto Rico: The Experience of 2007, 2009 and 2011

**Table 1.** Puerto Rico Cardiovascular Surveillance Study. Baseline Patient Characteristics
Characteristics	Male (n = 3,436)	Female (n = 2,726)	P-value
SD: standard deviation; CAD: coronary artery disease; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
Demographics
Age in years, mean ± SD	64.8 (13.5)	69.9 (13.2)	< 0.001
Age groups (%)
< 55	24.5	14.8	< 0.001
55 - 64	22.9	17.8
65 - 74	28.3	28.0
75 - 84	17.5	26.1
≥ 85	6.8	13.3
Medical insurance (%)
Reforma (public insurance)	21.5	20.5	0.32
Private	78.5	79.5
Past medical history (%)
Diabetes mellitus	45.7	51.7	< 0.001
Family history of CAD	44.1	41.7	0.06
Arterial hypertension	78.0	87.0	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	24.5	24.9	0.7
Myocardial infarction	17.1	14.1	< 0.005
Congestive heart failure	8.2	10.3	< 0.01
Angina	10.3	8.2	< 0.01
PTCA-PCI	8.9	6.9	< 0.005
Stroke	4.1	6.4	< 0.001
Asthma	8.3	14.1	< 0.001
Current smoker	16.0	7.0	< 0.001
Former smoker	27.0	14.5	< 0.001
Mode of hospital transportation (%)
Ambulance	35.2	32.6	0.12
Car/walked in	64.7	67.4
Helicopter	0.1	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0
Physiological parameters at hospital presentation, mean ± SD
Initial heart rate	80.7 (20.8)	84.0 (21.7)	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	140.6 (29.3)	143.8 (31.2)	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	80.0 (15.9)	77.9 (15.7)	< 0.001
Initial cholesterol, mg/dL	167.8 (50.7)	179.7 (71.1)	< 0.001
Initial HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	36.5 (12.4)	43.6 (13.8)	< 0.001
Initial LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	102.1 (39.3)	106.3 (46.4)	< 0.05
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.49 (2.46)	1.16 (1.12)	< 0.001
Glucose, mg/dL	162.9 (93.2)	169.8 (100.1)	< 0.01
Hemoglobin, g/dL	13.7 (4.1)	12.6 (1.7)	< 0.001
AMI characteristics (%)
ST segment elevation	8.6	6.7	< 0.01
Invasive procedures (%)
Cardiac catheterization	42.9	34.5	< 0.001
PTCA-PCI	17.6	12.7	< 0.001
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery	8.5	4.4	< 0.001
Length of hospital stay in days, mean ± SD	8.6 (6.3)	11.9 (6.9)	0.11
In-hospital mortality (%)	4.5	6.5	< 0.001

Table 1. Puerto Rico Cardiovascular Surveillance Study. Baseline Patient Characteristics

Characteristics

Male (n = 3,436)

Female (n = 2,726)

P-value

SD: standard deviation; CAD: coronary artery disease; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.

Demographics

Age in years, mean ± SD

64.8 (13.5)

69.9 (13.2)

< 0.001

Age groups (%)

< 55

24.5

14.8

< 0.001

55 - 64

22.9

17.8

65 - 74

28.3

28.0

75 - 84

17.5

26.1

≥ 85

6.8

13.3

Medical insurance (%)

Reforma (public insurance)

21.5

20.5

0.32

Private

78.5

79.5

Past medical history (%)

Diabetes mellitus

45.7

51.7

< 0.001

Family history of CAD

44.1

41.7

0.06

Arterial hypertension

78.0

87.0

< 0.001

Hyperlipidemia

24.5

24.9

0.7

Myocardial infarction

17.1

14.1

< 0.005

Congestive heart failure

8.2

10.3

< 0.01

Angina

10.3

8.2

< 0.01

PTCA-PCI

8.9

6.9

< 0.005

Stroke

4.1

6.4

< 0.001

Asthma

8.3

14.1

< 0.001

Current smoker

16.0

7.0

< 0.001

Former smoker

27.0

14.5

< 0.001

Mode of hospital transportation (%)

Ambulance

35.2

32.6

0.12

Car/walked in

64.7

67.4

Helicopter

0.1

0.0

Other

0.0

Physiological parameters at hospital presentation, mean ± SD

Initial heart rate

80.7 (20.8)

84.0 (21.7)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

140.6 (29.3)

143.8 (31.2)

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

80.0 (15.9)

77.9 (15.7)

< 0.001

Initial cholesterol, mg/dL

167.8 (50.7)

179.7 (71.1)

< 0.001

Initial HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

36.5 (12.4)

43.6 (13.8)

< 0.001

Initial LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

102.1 (39.3)

106.3 (46.4)

< 0.05

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.49 (2.46)

1.16 (1.12)

< 0.001

Glucose, mg/dL

162.9 (93.2)

169.8 (100.1)

< 0.01

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.7 (4.1)

12.6 (1.7)

< 0.001

AMI characteristics (%)

ST segment elevation

8.6

6.7

< 0.01

Invasive procedures (%)

Cardiac catheterization

42.9

34.5

< 0.001

PTCA-PCI

17.6

12.7

< 0.001

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

8.5

4.4

< 0.001

Length of hospital stay in days, mean ± SD

8.6 (6.3)

11.9 (6.9)

0.11

In-hospital mortality (%)

4.5

6.5

< 0.001

**Table 2.** Medications Administered Within 24 H of Admission, During Hospitalization, and at Discharge
Medication	Within 24 h	During hospitalization	At discharge
Sample: males (3,436), females (2,726). ACEi: angiotensin-converter enzyme inhibitor; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; LMWH: low-molecular-weight heparin; n/a: not applicable.
ACEi/ARB	52.9	49.2	< 0.01	55.1	48.8	< 0.001	40.6	37	< 0.01
Aspirin	71.8	66.3	< 0.001	78.9	72.2	< 0.001	56.3	50.5	< 0.001
Plavix	64.9	64.4	0.71	72.2	70.1	0.06	48	44.7	< 0.05
Beta blockers	58.7	56	< 0.05	67.3	63.1	< 0.001	42.4	38	< 0.001
Lipid-lowering agents	50.9	45.9	< 0.001	57.1	51.4	< 0.001	0	0	n/a
LMWH	65	64.5	0.65	6.6	5.4	0.05	0	0	n/a

Table 2. Medications Administered Within 24 H of Admission, During Hospitalization, and at Discharge

Medication

Within 24 h

During hospitalization

At discharge

Male (%)

Female (%)

P-value

Male (%)

Female (%)

P-value

Male (%)

Female (%)

P-value

Sample: males (3,436), females (2,726). ACEi: angiotensin-converter enzyme inhibitor; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; LMWH: low-molecular-weight heparin; n/a: not applicable.

ACEi/ARB

52.9

49.2

< 0.01

55.1

48.8

< 0.001

40.6

< 0.01

Aspirin

71.8

66.3

< 0.001

78.9

72.2

< 0.001

56.3

50.5

< 0.001

Plavix

64.9

64.4

0.71

72.2

70.1

0.06

44.7

< 0.05

Beta blockers

58.7

< 0.05

67.3

63.1

< 0.001

42.4

< 0.001

Lipid-lowering agents

50.9

45.9

< 0.001

57.1

51.4

< 0.001

n/a

LMWH

64.5

0.65

6.6

5.4

0.05

n/a