J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 12, December 2016, pages 870-877

High Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Miners: A Case-Control Study in Rural Durango, Mexico

**Table 1.** Socio-Demographic and Housing Characteristics of Miners and Prevalence of *T. gondii* Infection
Characteristics	Total subjects	Prevalence of T. gondii infection	P value
Age groups (years)
30 or less	26	16	61.5	0.73
31 - 50	59	37	62.7
> 50	40	22	55.0
Birth place
Durango State	98	64	65.3	0.02
Other Mexican State	27	11	40.7
Educational level
No education	16	9	56.3	0.72
1 - 6 years	68	42	61.8
7 - 12 years	36	20	55.6
> 12 years	5	4	80.0
Socio-economic level
Low	61	42	68.9	0.04
Medium	64	33	51.6
Flooring at home
Ceramic or wood	5	3	60.0	0.87
Concrete	92	54	58.7
Soil	28	18	64.3
Availability of potable water
In home	2	1	50.0	0.34
In land	3	3	100.0
In street	120	71	59.2
Toilet facilities
Sewage pipes	5	3	60.0	1.00
Latrine or another	120	72	60.0
Crowding at home
No	41	26	63.4	0.05
Semi-crowded	55	27	49.1
Overcrowded	29	22	75.9
Education of the head of family
7 years or more	17	10	58.8	0.52
4 - 6 years	53	29	54.7
Up to 3 years	55	36	65.5

Table 1. Socio-Demographic and Housing Characteristics of Miners and Prevalence of T. gondii Infection

Characteristics

Total subjects

Prevalence of T. gondii infection

P value

No.

Age groups (years)

30 or less

61.5

0.73

31 - 50

62.7

> 50

55.0

Birth place

Durango State

65.3

0.02

Other Mexican State

40.7

Educational level

No education

56.3

0.72

1 - 6 years

61.8

7 - 12 years

55.6

> 12 years

80.0

Socio-economic level

Low

68.9

0.04

Medium

51.6

Flooring at home

Ceramic or wood

60.0

0.87

Concrete

58.7

Soil

64.3

Availability of potable water

In home

50.0

0.34

In land

100.0

In street

120

59.2

Toilet facilities

Sewage pipes

60.0

1.00

Latrine or another

120

60.0

Crowding at home

63.4

0.05

Semi-crowded

49.1

Overcrowded

75.9

Education of the head of family

7 years or more

58.8

0.52

4 - 6 years

54.7

Up to 3 years

65.5

**Table 2.** Bivariate Analysis of Selected Behavioral Characteristics and Infection With *T. gondii* in Miners
Characteristics	No. of subjects tested	Prevalence of T. gondii infection	P value
Cleaning cat excrement
Yes	43	21	48.8	0.06
No	82	54	65.9
Raising farm animals
Yes	99	61	61.6	0.47
No	26	14	53.8
National trips
Yes	77	43	55.8	0.23
No	48	32	66.7
Goat meat consumption
Yes	101	56	55.4	0.03
No	24	19	79.2
Sheep meat consumption
Yes	59	30	50.8	0.04
No	66	45	68.2
Boar meat consumption
Yes	94	61	64.9	0.05
No	31	14	45.2
Chicken meat consumption
Yes	124	75	60.5	0.40
No	1	0	0.0
Turkey meat consumption
Yes	65	32	49.2	0.01
No	60	43	71.7
Pigeon meat consumption
Yes	72	48	66.7	0.07
No	53	27	50.9
Quail meat consumption
Yes	39	26	66.7	0.30
No	86	49	57.0
Rabbit meat consumption
Yes	51	27	52.9	0.18
No	74	48	64.9
Armadillo meat consumption
Yes	60	38	63.3	0.46
No	65	37	56.9
Iguana meat consumption
Yes	24	16	66.7	0.45
No	101	59	58.4
Badger meat consumption
Yes	24	17	70.8	0.22
No	101	58	57.4
Degree of meat cooking
Undercooked	6	5	83.3	0.39
Well done	117	68	58.1
Raw dried meat
Yes	85	46	54.1	0.06
No	39	28	71.8
Chorizo consumption
Yes	124	75	60.5	0.40
No	1	0	0.0
Brain of cow consumption
Yes	48	24	50.0	0.07
No	77	51	66.2
Unwashed raw vegetables
Yes	85	54	63.5	0.24
No	40	21	52.5
Untreated water
Yes	107	66	61.7	0.34
No	18	9	50.0
Frequency of eating out of home
Never	1	1	100.0	0.19
1 - 10 times a year	84	46	54.8
> 10 times a year	40	28	70.0
Alcohol consumption
Yes	67	45	67.2	0.07
No	58	30	51.7
Tobacco smoking
Yes	57	39	68.4	0.07
No	68	36	52.9

Table 2. Bivariate Analysis of Selected Behavioral Characteristics and Infection With T. gondii in Miners

Characteristics

No. of subjects tested

Prevalence of T. gondii infection

P value

No.

Cleaning cat excrement

Yes

48.8

0.06

65.9

Raising farm animals

Yes

61.6

0.47

53.8

National trips

Yes

55.8

0.23

66.7

Goat meat consumption

Yes

101

55.4

0.03

79.2

Sheep meat consumption

Yes

50.8

0.04

68.2

Boar meat consumption

Yes

64.9

0.05

45.2

Chicken meat consumption

Yes

124

60.5

0.40

0.0

Turkey meat consumption

Yes

49.2

0.01

71.7

Pigeon meat consumption

Yes

66.7

0.07

50.9

Quail meat consumption

Yes

66.7

0.30

57.0

Rabbit meat consumption

Yes

52.9

0.18

64.9

Armadillo meat consumption

Yes

63.3

0.46

56.9

Iguana meat consumption

Yes

66.7

0.45

101

58.4

Badger meat consumption

Yes

70.8

0.22

101

57.4

Degree of meat cooking

Undercooked

83.3

0.39

Well done

117

58.1

Raw dried meat

Yes

54.1

0.06

71.8

Chorizo consumption

Yes

124

60.5

0.40

0.0

Brain of cow consumption

Yes

50.0

0.07

66.2

Unwashed raw vegetables

Yes

63.5

0.24

52.5

Untreated water

Yes

107

61.7

0.34

50.0

Frequency of eating out of home

Never

100.0

0.19

1 - 10 times a year

54.8

> 10 times a year

70.0

Alcohol consumption

Yes

67.2

0.07

51.7

Tobacco smoking

Yes

68.4

0.07

52.9

**Table 3.** Multivariate Analysis of Selected Characteristics of Miners and Their Association With *T. gondii* Infection
Characteristics	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Birth place (Durango State)	3.44	1.09 - 10.7	0.03
Socioeconomic level (low)	2.05	0.73 - 5.71	0.17
Cleaning cat excrement (yes)	0.33	0.11 - 0.90	0.03
Goat meat consumption (yes)	0.16	0.03 - 0.76	0.02
Sheep meat consumption (yes)	1.10	0.34 - 3.48	0.88
Boar meat consumption (yes)	5.53	1.49 - 20.3	0.01
Turkey meat consumption (yes)	0.35	0.12 - 1.00	0.05
Pigeon meat consumption (yes)	2.20	0.80 - 5.98	0.12
Raw dried meat (yes)	0.45	0.15 - 1.32	0.15
Brain of cow consumption (yes)	0.50	0.18 - 1.32	0.16
Alcohol consumption (yes)	0.83	0.27 - 2.51	0.75
Tobacco use (yes)	2.40	0.85 - 6.73	0.10
Crowding
Semi-crowded	2.78	0.86 - 8.93	0.09
Overcrowded	5.83	1.49 - 22.8	0.01

Table 3. Multivariate Analysis of Selected Characteristics of Miners and Their Association With T. gondii Infection

Characteristics

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

Birth place (Durango State)

3.44

1.09 - 10.7

0.03

Socioeconomic level (low)

2.05

0.73 - 5.71

0.17

Cleaning cat excrement (yes)

0.33

0.11 - 0.90

0.03

Goat meat consumption (yes)

0.16

0.03 - 0.76

0.02

Sheep meat consumption (yes)

1.10

0.34 - 3.48

0.88

Boar meat consumption (yes)

5.53

1.49 - 20.3

0.01

Turkey meat consumption (yes)

0.35

0.12 - 1.00

0.05

Pigeon meat consumption (yes)

2.20

0.80 - 5.98

0.12

Raw dried meat (yes)

0.45

0.15 - 1.32

0.15

Brain of cow consumption (yes)

0.50

0.18 - 1.32

0.16

Alcohol consumption (yes)

0.83

0.27 - 2.51

0.75

Tobacco use (yes)

2.40

0.85 - 6.73

0.10

Crowding

Semi-crowded

2.78

0.86 - 8.93

0.09

Overcrowded

5.83

1.49 - 22.8

0.01