Figure 1. Flow diagram of study selection.
| Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website http://www.jocmr.org |
Review
Volume 8, Number 12, December 2016, pages 848-853
Exercise Intervention for Anti-Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older People
Figure
Table
| Authors (ref. No.) | Subject number (M/F, age) | Intervention design | Exercise form | Exercise frequency (times/sessions) | Nutritional content (frequency) | Duration | Change in muscle outcomes | Adherence (retention rate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA: not available; M: male; F: female; RCT: randomized controlled trial; single: single-arm trial; EX: exercise group; CON: control group. $The data were obtained from the same study population in the LIFE study. (+): significant improvements before and after the intervention compared to the reference group. | ||||||||
| Exercise only | ||||||||
| Sink et al, 2015 [10] | 1,635 (M 32%/F 68%). EX (n = 818), CON (n = 817) | RCT | Mixed | 5 - 6 days/week (center-based EX: 2 days/week, home-based EX: 3 - 4 days/week; 50 min/session) | - | 24 months | Physical performance (+) | 89.8% (EX), 90.7% (CON) |
| Abreu et al, 2014 [18] | 73 (M 21.8%/F 78.2%, ≥ 65 years) | Single | Resistance | 2 days/week (60 min/session) | - | 2.5 months | Muscle strength (+), physical performance (+) | NA |
| Liu et al $, 2014 [11] | 177 (M 29%/F 71%, 70 - 89 years) | RCT | Mixed | 5 - 6 days/week (center-based EX: 2 days/week, home-based EX: 3 - 4 days/week; 50 min/session) | - | 12 - 18 months (follow-up) | No change | 74% (sarcopenic), 71% (non-sarcopenic) |
| Kemmler and von Stengel, 2013 [12] | 246 (F, ≥ 65 years). EX (n = 123), CON (n = 123) | RCT (retrospective) | Mixed | 4 days/week (center-based EX: 2 days/week, home-based EX: 2 days/week; < 60 min/session) | - | 18 months | Muscle mass (+) | NA |
| Reid et al$, 2008 [13] | 57 (gender NA, 74.2 years); high-velocity high-power training (POW; n = 23), traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training (STR; n = 22), CON (n = 12) | RCT | Resistance | 3 days/week (sessions NA) | - | 3 months | Muscle strength (+) | 82% (POW), 77% (STR), 80% (CON) |
| Exercise plus nutritional supplementation | ||||||||
| Yamada et al, 2015 [14] | 227 (M/F, approx. 50%, 75 years); walking + nutrition (W/N; n = 79), walking (W; n = 71), CON (n = 77) | RCT | Aerobic | Every day (sessions NA; walking with pedometers) | Protein and vitamin D supplement (everyday) | 6 months | Muscle mass (+) | 97.80% |
| Kim et al, 2013 [15] | 128 (F, ≥ 75 years); EX and tea catechin supplementation (n = 32), EX (n = 32), tea catechin supplementation (n = 32) or CON (n = 32) | RCT | Mixed | 2 days/week (60 min/session) | Tea catechin 350 mL (everyday) | 3 months | Physical performance (+) | NA |
| Kim et al, 2012 [16] | 155 (F, ≥ 75 years); EX and amino acid (n = 38), EX (n = 39), amino acid (n = 39) or CON (n = 39) | RCT | Mixed | 2 days/week (60 min/session) | Amino acid (6 g/day) (everyday, ingested after exercise) | 3 months | Muscle mass (+), muscle strength (+), physical performance (+) | 70.3% (EX + amino acid), 72.2% (amino acid), 71.8% (CON) |
| Carlsson et al, 2011 [17] | 177 (M 46/F 131, 84.5 years); EX + protein, EX + placebo, CON + protein or CON + placebo | RCT | Resistance | 2 - 3 days/week (45 min/session) | Protein-enriched drink (200 mL; containing 7.4 g protein), (used within 5 min after each EX session) | 3 months (6-month follow-up) | No change | 84% (3-month), 79% (6-month) |