J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 5, May 2017, pages 396-402

Whole-Body Vibration Training During a Low Frequency Outpatient Exercise Training Program in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Figure 1. Study flow chart. WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.

**Table 1.** Anthropometric Data, Baseline Characteristics
	WBVT (n = 12)	CTG (n = 16)	P-value
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1% pred.: forced expiratory volume in one second % of target; 6-MWT: walking distance in 6-min walk test; m: meter; 1-min STST: 1-min sit-to-stand test; 5-rep STST: sit-to-stand test with five repetitions; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.
Sex (M/F)	8/4	9/7	0.705
Age (years)	62.4 ± 20.3	68.0 ± 9.1	0.767
COPD (II/III/IV)	4/6/2	7/7/2	1.000
FEV1% pred.	48.4 ± 20.9	51.2 ± 17.3	0.642
6-MWT, m	553 ± 67	481 ± 121	0.077
1-min STST, repetitions	20.8 ± 6.0	16.8 ± 6.3	0.131
5-rep STST, s	11.9 ± 2.1	13.9 ± 4.8	0.642
Arterial hypertension	10	10	0.227
Cardiovascular diseases	12	6	< 0.001
Cancer	2	4	0.595
Diabetes mellitus	6	4	0.172
Other	25	20

Table 1. Anthropometric Data, Baseline Characteristics

WBVT (n = 12)

CTG (n = 16)

P-value

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1% pred.: forced expiratory volume in one second % of target; 6-MWT: walking distance in 6-min walk test; m: meter; 1-min STST: 1-min sit-to-stand test; 5-rep STST: sit-to-stand test with five repetitions; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.

Sex (M/F)

8/4

9/7

0.705

Age (years)

62.4 ± 20.3

68.0 ± 9.1

0.767

COPD (II/III/IV)

4/6/2

7/7/2

1.000

FEV1% pred.

48.4 ± 20.9

51.2 ± 17.3

0.642

6-MWT, m

553 ± 67

481 ± 121

0.077

1-min STST, repetitions

20.8 ± 6.0

16.8 ± 6.3

0.131

5-rep STST, s

11.9 ± 2.1

13.9 ± 4.8

0.642

Arterial hypertension

0.227

Cardiovascular diseases

< 0.001

Cancer

0.595

Diabetes mellitus

0.172

Other

**Table 2.** Comparison Completers and Dropouts
	WBVT group completers (n = 12) (1)	WBVT dropouts (n = 16) (3)	(1) vs. (3)	CTG group completers (n = 16) (2)	CTG group dropouts (n = 11) (4)	(2) vs. (4)	K-test (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) vs. (4)	(3) + (4) = (5)	(1) vs. (5)	(2) vs. (5)	K-test (1) vs. (2) vs. (5)
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1% pred.: forced expiratory volume in one second % of target; 6-MWT: walking distance in 6-min walk test; m: meter; 1-min STST: 1-min sit-to-stand test; 5-rep STST: sit-to-stand test with five repetitions; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.
COPD (II/III/IV)	6/2/04	5/5/05		7/2/07	4/5/0
FEV1 (%)	48.4 ± 20.9	42.1 ± 20.8	0.369	51.2 ± 17.3	52.1 ± 18.1	0.910	0.482	46.2 ± 19.9	0.746	0.341	0.637
6-MWT, m	553.3 ± 67.3	470.9 ± 85.8	0.026	480.9 ± 120.5	486.1 ± 98.6	0.955	0.140	477.8 ± 89.6	0.019	0.899	0.067
1-min STST, repetitions	20.8 ± 6.0	17.9 ± 6.9	0.136	16.8 ± 6.3	16.6 ±3.8	1.000	0.622	17.4 ± 5.8	0.045	0.868	0.212
5-rep STST, s	12.0 ± 2.1	12.3 ± 2.9	0.981	14.0 ± 4.8	14.7 ± 3.5	0.380	0.228	13.2 ± 3.3	0.421	0.901	0.527

Table 2. Comparison Completers and Dropouts

WBVT group completers (n = 12) (1)

WBVT dropouts (n = 16) (3)

(1) vs. (3)

CTG group completers (n = 16) (2)

CTG group dropouts (n = 11) (4)

(2) vs. (4)

K-test (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) vs. (4)

(3) + (4) = (5)

(1) vs. (5)

(2) vs. (5)

K-test (1) vs. (2) vs. (5)

COPD (II/III/IV)

6/2/04

5/5/05

7/2/07

4/5/0

FEV1 (%)

48.4 ± 20.9

42.1 ± 20.8

0.369

51.2 ± 17.3

52.1 ± 18.1

0.910

0.482

46.2 ± 19.9

0.746

0.341

0.637

6-MWT, m

553.3 ± 67.3

470.9 ± 85.8

0.026

480.9 ± 120.5

486.1 ± 98.6

0.955

0.140

477.8 ± 89.6

0.019

0.899

0.067

1-min STST, repetitions

20.8 ± 6.0

17.9 ± 6.9

0.136

16.8 ± 6.3

16.6 ±3.8

1.000

0.622

17.4 ± 5.8

0.045

0.868

0.212

5-rep STST, s

12.0 ± 2.1

12.3 ± 2.9

0.981

14.0 ± 4.8

14.7 ± 3.5

0.380

0.228

13.2 ± 3.3

0.421

0.901

0.527

**Table 3.** Comparison of Treatment Effects
	WBVT at baseline	WBVT at 3 months	Delta	Intragroup P-value	CTG at baseline	CTG at 3 months	Delta	Intragroup P-value	Intergroup P-value
FEV1% pred.: forced expiratory volume in one second % of target; 6-MWT: walking distance in 6-min walk test; m: meter; pts: points; 1-min STST: 1-min sit-to-stand test; 5-rep STST: sit-to-stand test with five repetitions; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.
FEV1% pred.	48.4 ± 20.9	44.9 ± 18.9	-3.5± 22.5	0.753	51.2 ± 17.3	50.9 ± 16.4	-0.3 ± 7.7	0.683	0.944
6-MWD, m	553 ± 7	561 ± 9	7± 55	0.574	481 ± 121	490 ± 125	9 ± 45	0.484	0.798
1-min STST, repetitions	20.8 ± 6.0	20.9 ± 8.4	0.1 ± 3.8	0.937	16.8 ± 6.3	18.1 ± 7.5	1.3 ± 5.2	0.420	0.852
5-rep STST, s	11.9 ± 2.1	13.4 ± 4.2	1.4 ± 3.3	0.272	13.9 ± 4.8	13.3 ± 4.1	-0.7 ± 3.1	0.326	0.378
CAT, pts.	20.3 ± 7.7	17.8 ± 7.2	-2.4 ± 2.7	0.073	20.8 ± 5.5	19.9 ± 7.0	-0.8 ± 2.9	0.321	0.139

Table 3. Comparison of Treatment Effects

WBVT at baseline

WBVT at 3 months

Delta

Intragroup P-value

CTG at baseline

CTG at 3 months

Delta

Intragroup P-value

Intergroup P-value

FEV1% pred.: forced expiratory volume in one second % of target; 6-MWT: walking distance in 6-min walk test; m: meter; pts: points; 1-min STST: 1-min sit-to-stand test; 5-rep STST: sit-to-stand test with five repetitions; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.

FEV1% pred.

48.4 ± 20.9

44.9 ± 18.9

-3.5± 22.5

0.753

51.2 ± 17.3

50.9 ± 16.4

-0.3 ± 7.7

0.683

0.944

6-MWD, m

553 ± 7

561 ± 9

7± 55

0.574

481 ± 121

490 ± 125

9 ± 45

0.484

0.798

1-min STST, repetitions

20.8 ± 6.0

20.9 ± 8.4

0.1 ± 3.8

0.937

16.8 ± 6.3

18.1 ± 7.5

1.3 ± 5.2

0.420

0.852

5-rep STST, s

11.9 ± 2.1

13.4 ± 4.2

1.4 ± 3.3

0.272

13.9 ± 4.8

13.3 ± 4.1

-0.7 ± 3.1

0.326

0.378

CAT, pts.

20.3 ± 7.7

17.8 ± 7.2

-2.4 ± 2.7

0.073

20.8 ± 5.5

19.9 ± 7.0

-0.8 ± 2.9

0.321

0.139

**Table 4.** Results CRQ
	WBVT at baseline	WBVT at 3 months	Intragroup P-value	CTG at baseline	CTG at 3 months	Intragroup P-value	Intergroup P-value
CRQ: Chronic respiratory disease questionnaire; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.
Dyspnea	4.15 ± 1.36	4.58 ± 1.28	0.222	4.09 ± 1.23	4.20 ± 1.15	0.841	0.560
Fatigue	3.88 ± 1.25	4.48 ± 1.32	0.022	3.86 ± 0.89	4.23 ± 0.92	0.058	0.466
Emotional function	4.08 ± 1.16	4.92 ± 1.19	0.007	4.27 ± 1.10	4.43 ± 0.92	0.421	0.041
Mastery	4.04 ± 1.21	5.04 ± 1.40	0.018	4.34 ± 1.30	4.64 ± 1.28	0.126	0.052

Table 4. Results CRQ

WBVT at baseline

WBVT at 3 months

Intragroup P-value

CTG at baseline

CTG at 3 months

Intragroup P-value

Intergroup P-value

CRQ: Chronic respiratory disease questionnaire; WBVT: intervention group with whole-body vibration training; CTG: conventional training group.

Dyspnea

4.15 ± 1.36

4.58 ± 1.28

0.222

4.09 ± 1.23

4.20 ± 1.15

0.841

0.560

Fatigue

3.88 ± 1.25

4.48 ± 1.32

0.022

3.86 ± 0.89

4.23 ± 0.92

0.058

0.466

Emotional function

4.08 ± 1.16

4.92 ± 1.19

0.007

4.27 ± 1.10

4.43 ± 0.92

0.421

0.041

Mastery

4.04 ± 1.21

5.04 ± 1.40

0.018

4.34 ± 1.30

4.64 ± 1.28

0.126

0.052