J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 4, October 2009, pages 219-225

The Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate in a Jordanian Healthy Adult Population

**Table 1.** Results of previous studies that measured unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR)
Authors	Country	Number of subjects,	Age	UWSFR ml/min	Notes
SD: standard deviation, H/UM: healthy and unmedicated. CD: complete dentures, Dry/M: patients who had oral dryness or other oral complaints or those who take xerostomic drugs were not excluded, SEM: standard error of mean.
Yamamoto et al [3]	Japan	200, (100/100)	22 - 29	0.053 ± 0.032	H/UM
Fenoll-Palomares et al [6]	Spain	159, (52/107)	44 ± 14	Range: 0.10-2.0, median: 0.48	H/UM
Flink et al [9]	Sweden	1420, (663/757)	≥ 20	0.29 ± 0.24	Dry/M
Bergdahl [10]	Sweden	1427, (669/758)	20 - 69	0.33 ± 0.26 (male)	Dry/M
0.26 ± 0.21 (female)
Percival et al [11]	UK	116, (55/61)	≥ 20	0.50 ± 0.04 (male) (mean ± SEM)	H/UM
0.33 ± 0.03 (female) (mean ± SEM)
Shern et al [12]	USA	51, (25/26)	54 ± 19	Mean: 0.61	H/UM
Marton et al [13]	Hungary	24, (?)	67 ± 8	0.39 ± 0.25	CD

Table 1. Results of previous studies that measured unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR)

Authors

Country

Number of subjects,

Age

UWSFR ml/min

Notes

(male/female)

(mean ± SD)

SD: standard deviation, H/UM: healthy and unmedicated. CD: complete dentures, Dry/M: patients who had oral dryness or other oral complaints or those who take xerostomic drugs were not excluded, SEM: standard error of mean.

Yamamoto et al [3]

Japan

200, (100/100)

22 - 29

0.053 ± 0.032

H/UM

Fenoll-Palomares et al [6]

Spain

159, (52/107)

44 ± 14

Range: 0.10-2.0, median: 0.48

H/UM

Flink et al [9]

Sweden

1420, (663/757)

≥ 20

0.29 ± 0.24

Dry/M

Bergdahl [10]

Sweden

1427, (669/758)

20 - 69

0.33 ± 0.26 (male)

Dry/M

0.26 ± 0.21 (female)

Percival et al [11]

116, (55/61)

≥ 20

0.50 ± 0.04 (male) (mean ± SEM)

H/UM

0.33 ± 0.03 (female) (mean ± SEM)

Shern et al [12]

USA

51, (25/26)

54 ± 19

Mean: 0.61

H/UM

Marton et al [13]

Hungary

24, (?)

67 ± 8

0.39 ± 0.25

**Table 2.** Patients characteristics and its relation to unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR)
Variables		Number (%)	UWSFR (ml/min)
*P value of Student’s t test or ANOVA, BMI¶: underweight < 18.5 kg/m², normal weight 18.5-24.9 kg/m², overweight 25-29.9 kg/m², obese ≥ 30 kg/m².
Gender	Male	110 (45.1)	0.44 (0.24)	0.10 - 1.30	0.16
	Female	134 (54.9)	0.48 (0.26)	0.12 - 1.60
Age (year)	15 - 19	32 (13.1)	0.71 (0.32)	0.20 - 1.30	< 0.001
	20 - 29	106 (43.4)	0.47 (0.25)	0.12 - 1.60
	30 - 39	32 (13.1)	0.41 (0.17)	0.20 - 0.82
	40 - 49	28 (11.5)	0.41 (0.17)	0.10 - 0.72
	50 - 59	29 (11.9)	0.37 (0.15)	0.18 - 0.78
	≥ 60	17 (7.0)	0.30 (0.15)	0.12 - 0.50
Smoking	Non-smoker	175 (71.7)	0.47 (0.25)	0.12 - 1.60	0.45
	Smoker	69 (28.3)	0.44 (0.25)	0.10 - 1.24
Alcohol	No	238 (97.5)	0.47 (0.25)	1.00 - 1.60	0.20
	Yes	6 (2.5)	0.33 (0.12)	0.20 - 0.50
Height (m)	< 1.6	20 (8.2)	0.49 (0.33)	0.20 - 1.60	0.25
	1.6 - 1.69	95 (38.9)	0.47 (0.24)	0.12 - 1.24
	1.7 - 1.79	73 (29.9)	0.44 (0.22)	0.12 - 1.10
	≥ 1.8	31 (12.7)	0.54 (0.30)	0.10 - 1.30
	Missing data	25 (10.2)
Weight (kg)	< 60	74 (30.3)	0.51 (0.27)	0.12 - 1.60	0.10
	60 - 79	87 (35.7)	0.47 (0.26)	0.12 - 1.30
	≥ 80	59 (24.2)	0.42 (0.21)	0.10 - 1.00
	Missing data	24 (9.8)
BMI¶	Underweight	12 (4.9)	0.59 (0.39)	0.20 - 1.60	0.007
	Normal weight	134 (54.9)	0.50 (0.28)	0.12 - 1.30
	Overweight	53 (21.7)	0.41 (0.22)	0.10 - 1.24
	Obese	20 (8.2)	0.35 (0.14)	0.12 - 0.60
	Missing data	25 (10.2)

Table 2. Patients characteristics and its relation to unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR)

Variables

Number (%)

UWSFR (ml/min)

Mean (SD)

Range

P value*

*P value of Student’s t test or ANOVA, BMI¶: underweight < 18.5 kg/m², normal weight 18.5-24.9 kg/m², overweight 25-29.9 kg/m², obese ≥ 30 kg/m².

Gender

Male

110 (45.1)

0.44 (0.24)

0.10 - 1.30

0.16

Female

134 (54.9)

0.48 (0.26)

0.12 - 1.60

Age (year)

15 - 19

32 (13.1)

0.71 (0.32)

0.20 - 1.30

< 0.001

20 - 29

106 (43.4)

0.47 (0.25)

0.12 - 1.60

30 - 39

32 (13.1)

0.41 (0.17)

0.20 - 0.82

40 - 49

28 (11.5)

0.41 (0.17)

0.10 - 0.72

50 - 59

29 (11.9)

0.37 (0.15)

0.18 - 0.78

≥ 60

17 (7.0)

0.30 (0.15)

0.12 - 0.50

Smoking

Non-smoker

175 (71.7)

0.47 (0.25)

0.12 - 1.60

0.45

Smoker

69 (28.3)

0.44 (0.25)

0.10 - 1.24

Alcohol

238 (97.5)

0.47 (0.25)

1.00 - 1.60

0.20

Yes

6 (2.5)

0.33 (0.12)

0.20 - 0.50

Height (m)

< 1.6

20 (8.2)

0.49 (0.33)

0.20 - 1.60

0.25

1.6 - 1.69

95 (38.9)

0.47 (0.24)

0.12 - 1.24

1.7 - 1.79

73 (29.9)

0.44 (0.22)

0.12 - 1.10

≥ 1.8

31 (12.7)

0.54 (0.30)

0.10 - 1.30

Missing data

25 (10.2)

Weight (kg)

< 60

74 (30.3)

0.51 (0.27)

0.12 - 1.60

0.10

60 - 79

87 (35.7)

0.47 (0.26)

0.12 - 1.30

≥ 80

59 (24.2)

0.42 (0.21)

0.10 - 1.00

Missing data

24 (9.8)

BMI¶

Underweight

12 (4.9)

0.59 (0.39)

0.20 - 1.60

0.007

Normal weight

134 (54.9)

0.50 (0.28)

0.12 - 1.30

Overweight

53 (21.7)

0.41 (0.22)

0.10 - 1.24

Obese

20 (8.2)

0.35 (0.14)

0.12 - 0.60

Missing data

25 (10.2)

**Table 3.** Patients dental conditions and its relation to unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR)
Variables		Number (%)	UWSFR (ml/min)
(*P value of ANOVA)
Decayed teeth	None	66 (27.0)	0.50 (0.31)	0.12 - 1.30	0.28
	1 - 5	136 (55.7)	0.46 (0.24)	0.10 - 1.60
	> 5	42 (17.2)	0.42 (0.15)	0.16 - 0.70
Missing teeth	None	137 (56.1)	0.54 (0.28)	0.12 - 1.60	< 0.001
	1 - 5	94 (38.5)	0.38 (0.15)	0.10 - 0.78
	> 5	13 (5.3)	0.24 (0.08)	0.12 - 0.40
Restored teeth	None	56 (23.0)	0.57 (0.27)	0.12 - 1.30	0.002
	1 - 5	143 (58.6)	0.43 (0.23)	0.10 - 1.24
	> 5	45 (18.4)	0.42 (0.25)	0.12 - 1.60
DMFT	0	18 (7.4)	0.64 (0.33)	0.16 - 1.30	< 0.001
	1 - 5	83 (34.0)	0.50 (0.27)	0.12 - 1.24
	6 - 10	73 (29.9)	0.46 (0.25)	0.10 - 1.60
	11 - 15	48 (19.7)	0.41 (0.14)	0.16 - 0.70
	> 15	22 (9.0)	0.29 (0.13)	0.12 - 0.70

Table 3. Patients dental conditions and its relation to unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR)

Variables

Number (%)

UWSFR (ml/min)

Mean (SD)

Range

P value*

(*P value of ANOVA)

Decayed teeth

None

66 (27.0)

0.50 (0.31)

0.12 - 1.30

0.28

1 - 5

136 (55.7)

0.46 (0.24)

0.10 - 1.60

> 5

42 (17.2)

0.42 (0.15)

0.16 - 0.70

Missing teeth

None

137 (56.1)

0.54 (0.28)

0.12 - 1.60

< 0.001

1 - 5

94 (38.5)

0.38 (0.15)

0.10 - 0.78

> 5

13 (5.3)

0.24 (0.08)

0.12 - 0.40

Restored teeth

None

56 (23.0)

0.57 (0.27)

0.12 - 1.30

0.002

1 - 5

143 (58.6)

0.43 (0.23)

0.10 - 1.24

> 5

45 (18.4)

0.42 (0.25)

0.12 - 1.60

DMFT

18 (7.4)

0.64 (0.33)

0.16 - 1.30

< 0.001

1 - 5

83 (34.0)

0.50 (0.27)

0.12 - 1.24

6 - 10

73 (29.9)

0.46 (0.25)

0.10 - 1.60

11 - 15

48 (19.7)

0.41 (0.14)

0.16 - 0.70

> 15

22 (9.0)

0.29 (0.13)

0.12 - 0.70

**Table 4.** Significant independent predictors of unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) in multivariate analysis
	B	β	95% CI (B)	P value
B: un-standardized regression coefficient. β: standardized regression coefficient, CI: confidence interval. R = 36%, adjusted R² = 12%
Constant	0.615	-	0.544 to 0.687	< 0.001
Age	-0.004	-0.250	- 0.006 to - 0.002	< 0.001
Missing teeth	-0.015	-0.162	- 0.027 to - 0.002	0.021

Table 4. Significant independent predictors of unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) in multivariate analysis

95% CI (B)

P value

B: un-standardized regression coefficient. β: standardized regression coefficient, CI: confidence interval. R = 36%, adjusted R² = 12%

Constant

0.615

0.544 to 0.687

< 0.001

Age

-0.004

-0.250

- 0.006 to - 0.002

< 0.001

Missing teeth

-0.015

-0.162

- 0.027 to - 0.002

0.021