J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 2, June 2009, pages 102-108

Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding in South Gujarat Region of India

**Table 1.** Bivariate analysis of socio-demographic variables and association with early weaning
Variable	Weaning	χ²	P	RR*	CI 95%
*RR: Risk Ratio
Parity
Primiparous	46	116	29.9	0.001	2.14	1.60 - 2.87
Multiparous	183	153
Inter-delivery interval
< 24 months	39	50	5.53	0.018	1.34	1.06 - 1.70
≥ 24 months	144	103
Mode of delivery
Operative	31	22	3.73	0.053	1.33	0.96 - 1.86
Normal	198	247
Birth weight
< 2500 gms	97	125	0.84	0.357	1.07	0.91 - 1.26
≥ 2500 gms	132	144
Maternal age
< 20 years	6	40	22.14	0.001	1.71	1.48 - 1.98
≥ 20 years	223	229
Type of family
Nuclear	148	181	0.38	0.532	1.05	0.88 - 1.25
Joint	81	88
Socio economic status
Upper & Middle	165	134	25.49	0.001	0.66	0.56 - 0.77
Lower	64	135
Maternal education
Illiterate	55	83	2.88	0.089	1.16	0.98 - 1.37
Literate	174	186
Paternal education
Illiterate	37	13	17.56	0.001	0.45	0.28 - 0.73
Literate	192	256
Paternal occupation
Labor	146	210	12.42	0.001	1.41	1.14 - 1.75
Others	83	59

Table 1. Bivariate analysis of socio-demographic variables and association with early weaning

Variable

Weaning

χ²

RR*

CI 95%

Yes (n = 229)

No (n = 269)

*RR: Risk Ratio

Parity

Primiparous

116

29.9

0.001

2.14

1.60 - 2.87

Multiparous

183

153

Inter-delivery interval

< 24 months

5.53

0.018

1.34

1.06 - 1.70

≥ 24 months

144

103

Mode of delivery

Operative

3.73

0.053

1.33

0.96 - 1.86

Normal

198

247

Birth weight

< 2500 gms

125

0.84

0.357

1.07

0.91 - 1.26

≥ 2500 gms

132

144

Maternal age

< 20 years

22.14

0.001

1.71

1.48 - 1.98

≥ 20 years

223

229

Type of family

Nuclear

148

181

0.38

0.532

1.05

0.88 - 1.25

Joint

Socio economic status

Upper & Middle

165

134

25.49

0.001

0.66

0.56 - 0.77

Lower

135

Maternal education

Illiterate

2.88

0.089

1.16

0.98 - 1.37

Literate

174

186

Paternal education

Illiterate

17.56

0.001

0.45

0.28 - 0.73

Literate

192

256

Paternal occupation

Labor

146

210

12.42

0.001

1.41

1.14 - 1.75

Others

**Table 2.** Bivariate analysis of variables related to antenatal care (ANC), postnatal care (PNC) and their association with early weaning
Variable	Weaning	χ²	P	RR*	CI 95%
*RR: Risk Ratio
Antenatal care (ANC)
< 3 visits	56	57	0.75	0.386	1.09	0.89 - 1.33
≥3 visits	173	212
BF advice during ANC
Received	196	235	0.33	0.563	1.07	0.83 - 1.38
Not received	33	34
First BF started within
< 6 hrs	200	221	2.53	0.111	0.84	0.69 - 1.02
> 6 hrs	29	48
Initial difficulties
Yes	50	41	3.59	0.057	1.24	0.97 - 1.58
No	179	228
Type of feeding
On demand	177	215	0.51	0.474	1.07	0.87 - 1.32
Fixed time	52	54
BF advice during PNC
Received	202	244	0.82	0.363	1.13	0.73 - 2.31
Not received	27	25
Previous EBF duration in multiparous
< 6 months	46	36	0.11	0.732	0.95	0.72 - 1.25
≥ 6 months	137	117

Table 2. Bivariate analysis of variables related to antenatal care (ANC), postnatal care (PNC) and their association with early weaning

Variable

Weaning

χ²

RR*

CI 95%

Yes (n=229)

No (n=269)

*RR: Risk Ratio

Antenatal care (ANC)

< 3 visits

0.75

0.386

1.09

0.89 - 1.33

≥3 visits

173

212

BF advice during ANC

Received

196

235

0.33

0.563

1.07

0.83 - 1.38

Not received

First BF started within

< 6 hrs

200

221

2.53

0.111

0.84

0.69 - 1.02

> 6 hrs

Initial difficulties

Yes

3.59

0.057

1.24

0.97 - 1.58

179

228

Type of feeding

On demand

177

215

0.51

0.474

1.07

0.87 - 1.32

Fixed time

BF advice during PNC

Received

202

244

0.82

0.363

1.13

0.73 - 2.31

Not received

Previous EBF duration in multiparous

< 6 months

0.11

0.732

0.95

0.72 - 1.25

≥ 6 months

137

117

**Table 3.** Logistic regression analysis for variables related to higher risk for early weaning
Variable	Coefficient (β)	Standard deviation	Odds ratio (OR)	CI 95%
*P < 0.05
Parity	1.10	0.2058	3.01*	2.01 - 4.51
Inter-delivery interval	0.58	0.2496	1.79*	1.09 - 2.92
Mode of delivery	0.56	0.29	1.75	0.98 - 3.13
Maternal age	1.87	0.44	6.49*	2.69 - 15.61
Social class	-0.95	0.19	0.38*	0.26 - 0.56
Maternal education	0.34	0.20	1.41	0.94 - 2.10
Paternal education	-1.33	0.33	0.26*	0.13 - 0.50
Paternal occupation	0.70	0.20	2.02*	1.36 - 3.00
First BF started late	-0.40	0.25	0.66	0.40 - 1.09
Initial difficulties	0.44	0.23	1.55	0.98 - 2.45

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis for variables related to higher risk for early weaning

Variable

Coefficient (β)

Standard deviation

Odds ratio (OR)

CI 95%

*P < 0.05

Parity

1.10

0.2058

3.01*

2.01 - 4.51

Inter-delivery interval

0.58

0.2496

1.79*

1.09 - 2.92

Mode of delivery

0.56

0.29

1.75

0.98 - 3.13

Maternal age

1.87

0.44

6.49*

2.69 - 15.61

Social class

-0.95

0.19

0.38*

0.26 - 0.56

Maternal education

0.34

0.20

1.41

0.94 - 2.10

Paternal education

-1.33

0.33

0.26*

0.13 - 0.50

Paternal occupation

0.70

0.20

2.02*

1.36 - 3.00

First BF started late

-0.40

0.25

0.66

0.40 - 1.09

Initial difficulties

0.44

0.23

1.55

0.98 - 2.45