J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 6, December 2014, pages 443-450

Correlation Between Serum Uric Acid and Renal Function in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

Figure 1. Serum uric acid levels according to the grade of eGFR. Data are shown as means ± SE with no adjustment; P = 0.002 for trend. 1: eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m²; 2: eGFR 60 - 89 mL/min/1.73 m²; 3: eGFR 30 - 59 mL/min/1.73 m²; 4: eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m².

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of Diabetic Patients With Stable CAD According to Uric Acid Quartiles
Variables	Uric acid
P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.001 compared with Q1. ACEI: angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor; Apo A1: apolipoprotein A1; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; CAD: coronary artery disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Uric acid, µmol/L	189 (< 246)	278 (247 - 307)^†	334 (308 - 365)^†	468 (> 365)^†
Age, years (mean ± SD)	67.42 ± 10.49	68.23 ± 8.97	69.45 ± 9.97	72.16 ± 9.61^†
Male, n (%)	55 (41.70)	62 (47.30)	63 (47.70)	77 (58.80)
Smoking, n (%)	29 (22.00)	35 (26.70)	35 (26.50)	34 (26.00)
Hypertension, n (%)	96 (72.70)	109 (83.20)	105 (79.50)	114 (87.00)
HbA1C (%)	8.35 ± 3.41	8.36 ± 3.15	8.38 ± 3.28	8.37 ± 3.64
FBS, mmol/L	6.77 ± 4.10	6.75 ± 4.27	6.78 ± 3.87	6.81 ± 4.23
Hemoglobin, g/L	127.69 ± 23.86	127.36 ± 30.69	127.71 ± 31.79	122.69 ± 29.03
Serum creatinine, µmol/L	72.14 ± 35.16	80.78 ± 40.44	83.41 ± 30.21*	116.83 ± 62.05^†
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	52.27 ± 18.71	53.06 ± 16.10	52.39 ± 15.79	45.17 ± 16.76*
Insulin (%)	47 (35.60)	50 (38.20)	42 (31.80)	42 (32.10)
Anti-diabetic pills (%)	89 (67.40)	80 (61.10)	89 (67.40)	82 (62.60)
Diuretic (%)	13 (9.80)	22 (16.80)	20 (15.20)	46 (35.1)
ACEI (%)	68 (51.50)	75 (57.30)	79 (59.80)	71 (54.20)
Statins (%)	99 (75.00)	101 (77.10)	102 (77.30)	96 (73.30)
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.13 ± 0.42	1.00 ± 0.31*	1.04 ± 0.36	1.02 ± 0.33
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.74 ± 1.11	2.54 ± 0.97	2.85 ± 1.65	2.23 ± 0.94^†
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	3.97 ± 1.54	4.01 ± 1.48	4.02 ± 1.51	4.01 ± 1.55
apo A1, g/L	1.04 ± 0.24	0.97 ± 0.29*	1.00 ± 0.32	0.90 ± 0.32^†
apo B, g/L	0.79 ± 0.28	0.74 ± 0.27	0.80 ± 0.37	0.68 ± 0.26^†
apo B/apo A1	0.77 ± 0.25	0.78 ± 0.24	0.81 ± 0.25	0.78 ± 0.22

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Diabetic Patients With Stable CAD According to Uric Acid Quartiles

Variables

Uric acid

Q1 (n = 132)

Q2 (n = 131)

Q3 (n = 132)

Q4 (n = 131)

P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.001 compared with Q1. ACEI: angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor; Apo A1: apolipoprotein A1; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; CAD: coronary artery disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Uric acid, µmol/L

189 (< 246)

278 (247 - 307)^†

334 (308 - 365)^†

468 (> 365)^†

Age, years (mean ± SD)

67.42 ± 10.49

68.23 ± 8.97

69.45 ± 9.97

72.16 ± 9.61^†

Male, n (%)

55 (41.70)

62 (47.30)

63 (47.70)

77 (58.80)

Smoking, n (%)

29 (22.00)

35 (26.70)

35 (26.50)

34 (26.00)

Hypertension, n (%)

96 (72.70)

109 (83.20)

105 (79.50)

114 (87.00)

HbA1C (%)

8.35 ± 3.41

8.36 ± 3.15

8.38 ± 3.28

8.37 ± 3.64

FBS, mmol/L

6.77 ± 4.10

6.75 ± 4.27

6.78 ± 3.87

6.81 ± 4.23

Hemoglobin, g/L

127.69 ± 23.86

127.36 ± 30.69

127.71 ± 31.79

122.69 ± 29.03

Serum creatinine, µmol/L

72.14 ± 35.16

80.78 ± 40.44

83.41 ± 30.21*

116.83 ± 62.05^†

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

52.27 ± 18.71

53.06 ± 16.10

52.39 ± 15.79

45.17 ± 16.76*

Insulin (%)

47 (35.60)

50 (38.20)

42 (31.80)

42 (32.10)

Anti-diabetic pills (%)

89 (67.40)

80 (61.10)

89 (67.40)

82 (62.60)

Diuretic (%)

13 (9.80)

22 (16.80)

20 (15.20)

46 (35.1)

ACEI (%)

68 (51.50)

75 (57.30)

79 (59.80)

71 (54.20)

Statins (%)

99 (75.00)

101 (77.10)

102 (77.30)

96 (73.30)

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.13 ± 0.42

1.00 ± 0.31*

1.04 ± 0.36

1.02 ± 0.33

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.74 ± 1.11

2.54 ± 0.97

2.85 ± 1.65

2.23 ± 0.94^†

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.97 ± 1.54

4.01 ± 1.48

4.02 ± 1.51

4.01 ± 1.55

apo A1, g/L

1.04 ± 0.24

0.97 ± 0.29*

1.00 ± 0.32

0.90 ± 0.32^†

apo B, g/L

0.79 ± 0.28

0.74 ± 0.27

0.80 ± 0.37

0.68 ± 0.26^†

apo B/apo A1

0.77 ± 0.25

0.78 ± 0.24

0.81 ± 0.25

0.78 ± 0.22

**Table 2.** Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² According to Uric Acid Quartiles
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²	ORs (95% CI)
*P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.01. Model 1 no adjustment. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension and diuretic. Model 3 further adjusted for insulin, diabetic pills, diuretic, ACEI, statins, LDL-C, apo A1 and apo B. Model 4 no adjustment. Model 5 adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension and diuretic. Model 6 further adjusted for insulin, diabetic pills, diuretic, ACEI, statins, LDL-C, apo A1 and apo B. CI: confidence interval; ORs: odds ratios; other abbreviations see Table 1.
Model 1	1.0	0.96 (0.54 - 1.70)	2.23 (1.20 - 4.16)*	9.18 (4.01 - 21.01)^†
Model 2	1.0	0.98 (0.56 - 1.71)	2.20 (1.19 - 4.07)*	8.98 (3.95 - 20.43)^†
Model 3	1.0	0.85 (0.51 - 1.40)	2.01 (1.19 - 3.66)*	7.01 (3.26 - 15.09)^†
Model 4 6 months later	1.0	1.23 (0.74 - 2.03)	2.93 (1.68 - 5.11)^†	10.01 (4.54 - 22.07)^†
Model 5 6 months later	1.0	1.31 (0.76 - 2.26)	2.52 (1.39 - 4.57)*	9.29 (4.08 - 21.17)^†
Model 6 6 months later	1.0	1.27 (0.73 - 2.23)	2.75 (1.47 - 5.14)*	9.10 (3.93 - 21.09)^†

Table 2. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² According to Uric Acid Quartiles

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

ORs (95% CI)

*P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.01. Model 1 no adjustment. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension and diuretic. Model 3 further adjusted for insulin, diabetic pills, diuretic, ACEI, statins, LDL-C, apo A1 and apo B. Model 4 no adjustment. Model 5 adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension and diuretic. Model 6 further adjusted for insulin, diabetic pills, diuretic, ACEI, statins, LDL-C, apo A1 and apo B. CI: confidence interval; ORs: odds ratios; other abbreviations see Table 1.

Model 1

1.0

0.96 (0.54 - 1.70)

2.23 (1.20 - 4.16)*

9.18 (4.01 - 21.01)^†

Model 2

1.0

0.98 (0.56 - 1.71)

2.20 (1.19 - 4.07)*

8.98 (3.95 - 20.43)^†

Model 3

1.0

0.85 (0.51 - 1.40)

2.01 (1.19 - 3.66)*

7.01 (3.26 - 15.09)^†

Model 4 6 months later

1.0

1.23 (0.74 - 2.03)

2.93 (1.68 - 5.11)^†

10.01 (4.54 - 22.07)^†

Model 5 6 months later

1.0

1.31 (0.76 - 2.26)

2.52 (1.39 - 4.57)*

9.29 (4.08 - 21.17)^†

Model 6 6 months later

1.0

1.27 (0.73 - 2.23)

2.75 (1.47 - 5.14)*

9.10 (3.93 - 21.09)^†