J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 4, August 2013, pages 275-280

Ezetimibe in Combination With a Statin Does Not Reduce All-Cause Mortality

**Table 1.** Characteristics of Ezetimibe Plus Statin Versus Statin Only Patients
Characteristic	Statin and Ezetimibe (n = 918)	Statin only (n = 2,909)	P-value
ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
Gender (Male)	517 (56%)	1,596 (55%)	0.447
Age	62.1 ± 11.5	63.6 ± 12.3	0.001
BMI	31.5 ± 6.9	31.2 ± 7.6	0.413
Weight	203.7 ± 50.8	200.7 ± 51.3	0.119
History of Tobacco use	517 (56%)	1,636 (56%)	0.970
Cholesterol	170.1 ± 62.3	169.6 ± 46.3	0.785
LDL-C	96.2 ± 42.1	96.6 ± 40.3	0.116
HDL-C	47.1 ± 13.3	48.2 ± 14.4	0.050
Hypertension	600 (65%)	2,051 (71%)	0.004
Coronary Artery Disease	405 (44%)	1,027 (35%)	< 0.001
Diabetes	250 (27%)	838 (29%)	0.378
Myocardial Infarction	47 (5%)	160 (6%)	0.738
CABG	60 (7%)	131 (5%)	0.019
PCI	91 (10%)	245 (8%)	0.181
Cerebrovascular Accident	42 (5%)	161 (6%)	0.273
Transient Ischemia Attack	34 (4%)	120 (4%)	0.630
Death	35 (4%)	117 (4%)	0.652
Beta-blocker	605 (66%)	1,838 (63%)	0.145
ACE-I	473 (52%)	1,584 (54%)	0.129
ARB	185 (20%)	547 (19%)	0.361
Omega-3	378 (41%)	935 (32%)	< 0.001
Aspirin	722 (79%)	2,165 (74%)	0.009
Diuretic	411 (45%)	1,319 (45%)	0.790

Table 1. Characteristics of Ezetimibe Plus Statin Versus Statin Only Patients

Characteristic

Statin and Ezetimibe (n = 918)

Statin only (n = 2,909)

P-value

ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.

Gender (Male)

517 (56%)

1,596 (55%)

0.447

Age

62.1 ± 11.5

63.6 ± 12.3

0.001

BMI

31.5 ± 6.9

31.2 ± 7.6

0.413

Weight

203.7 ± 50.8

200.7 ± 51.3

0.119

History of Tobacco use

517 (56%)

1,636 (56%)

0.970

Cholesterol

170.1 ± 62.3

169.6 ± 46.3

0.785

LDL-C

96.2 ± 42.1

96.6 ± 40.3

0.116

HDL-C

47.1 ± 13.3

48.2 ± 14.4

0.050

Hypertension

600 (65%)

2,051 (71%)

0.004

Coronary Artery Disease

405 (44%)

1,027 (35%)

< 0.001

Diabetes

250 (27%)

838 (29%)

0.378

Myocardial Infarction

47 (5%)

160 (6%)

0.738

CABG

60 (7%)

131 (5%)

0.019

PCI

91 (10%)

245 (8%)

0.181

Cerebrovascular Accident

42 (5%)

161 (6%)

0.273

Transient Ischemia Attack

34 (4%)

120 (4%)

0.630

Death

35 (4%)

117 (4%)

0.652

Beta-blocker

605 (66%)

1,838 (63%)

0.145

ACE-I

473 (52%)

1,584 (54%)

0.129

ARB

185 (20%)

547 (19%)

0.361

Omega-3

378 (41%)

935 (32%)

< 0.001

Aspirin

722 (79%)

2,165 (74%)

0.009

Diuretic

411 (45%)

1,319 (45%)

0.790

**Table 2.** Odds of Being Prescribed Ezetimibe
Characteristic	Unadjusted Odds Ratio	Stepwise Model
HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
HDL-C	0.994 (0.989 - 0.999)	0.992 (0.985 - 1.000)
Hypertension	0.805 (0.705 - 0.919)	0.758 (0.609 - 0.942)
Omega-3 fatty acids	1.689 (1.483 - 1.923)	1.457 (1.178 - 1.802)

Table 2. Odds of Being Prescribed Ezetimibe

Characteristic

Unadjusted Odds Ratio

Stepwise Model

HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

HDL-C

0.994 (0.989 - 0.999)

0.992 (0.985 - 1.000)

Hypertension

0.805 (0.705 - 0.919)

0.758 (0.609 - 0.942)

Omega-3 fatty acids

1.689 (1.483 - 1.923)

1.457 (1.178 - 1.802)

**Table 3.** Odds of Mortality Based on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Characteristic	Unadjusted Odds Ratio	Adjusted Odds Ratio	Stepwise Model
ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA: transient ischemia attack; Hypertension was added back into the model to control confounding; Ezetimibe was added back into the stepwise model because it drops out. P values < 0.05 for all odds ratios by stepwise model except and **.
Gender (Male)	1.329 (0.952 - 1.856)	1.041 (0.672 - 1.613)	-
Age	1.063 (1.046 - 1.080)	1.066 (1.050 - 1.083)	1.059 (1.042 - 1.077)
BMI	0.993 (0.953 - 1.034)	0.979 (0.933 - 1.026)	-
Weight	0.995 (0.989 - 1.001)	0.999 (0.992 - 1.007)	-
History of Smoking	1.956 (1.370 - 2.794)	1.929 (1.337 - 2.784)	1.884 (1.303 - 2.725)
Cholesterol	0.992 (0.986 - 0.997)	0.995 (0.989 - 1.001)	-
LDL-C	1.004 (0.999 - 1.009)	1.006 (1.001 - 1.010)	1.005 (1.001 - 1.010)
HDL-C	0.969 (0.955 - 0.984)	0.976 (0.960 - 0.992)	0.974 (0.959 - 0.989)
Hypertension	1.057 (0.741 - 1.508)	0.643 (0.435 - 0.951)	0.840 (0.583 - 1.211)*
Coronary Artery Disease	2.074 (1.497 - 2.874)	1.308 (0.878 - 1.948)	-
Diabetes	2.490 (1.797 - 3.450)	2.319 (1.653 - 3.252)	2.535 (1.773 - 3.624)
Myocardial Infarction	1.105 (0.555 - 2.200)	0.858 (0.412 - 1.788)	-
CABG	3.719 (1.624 - 4.552)	1.501 (0.847 - 2.659)	-
PCI	0.971 (0.544 - 1.733)	0.844 (0.448 - 1.591)	-
CVA	3.194 (1.281 - 3.760)	1.197 (0.673 - 2.126)	-
TIA	1.737 (0.890 - 3.350)	1.536 (0.767 - 3.077)	-
Beta-blocker	2.274 (1.524 - 3.394)	1.676 (1.109 - 2.535)	1.625 (1.064 - 2.482)
ACE-I	1.543 (1.102 - 2.162)	1.040 (0.712 - 1.519)	-
ARB	1.328 (0.906 - 1.948)	1.149 (0.760 - 1.737)	-
Omega-3	0.561 (0.382 - 0.823)	0.547 (0.369 - 0.811)	0.554 (0.373 - 0.823)
Aspirin	1.231 (0.827 - 1.830)	0.841 (0.546 - 1.295)	-
Diuretic	2.020 (1.447 - 2.820)	1.407 (0.961 - 2.059)	1.461 (1.011 - 2.112)
Ezetimibe	0.946 (0.644 - 1.390)	1.093 (0.733 - 1.628)	1.067 (0.713 - 1.598)**

Table 3. Odds of Mortality Based on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Characteristic

Unadjusted Odds Ratio

Adjusted Odds Ratio

Stepwise Model

ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA: transient ischemia attack; *Hypertension was added back into the model to control confounding; **Ezetimibe was added back into the stepwise model because it drops out. P values < 0.05 for all odds ratios by stepwise model except * and **.

Gender (Male)

1.329 (0.952 - 1.856)

1.041 (0.672 - 1.613)

Age

1.063 (1.046 - 1.080)

1.066 (1.050 - 1.083)

1.059 (1.042 - 1.077)

BMI

0.993 (0.953 - 1.034)

0.979 (0.933 - 1.026)

Weight

0.995 (0.989 - 1.001)

0.999 (0.992 - 1.007)

History of Smoking

1.956 (1.370 - 2.794)

1.929 (1.337 - 2.784)

1.884 (1.303 - 2.725)

Cholesterol

0.992 (0.986 - 0.997)

0.995 (0.989 - 1.001)

LDL-C

1.004 (0.999 - 1.009)

1.006 (1.001 - 1.010)

1.005 (1.001 - 1.010)

HDL-C

0.969 (0.955 - 0.984)

0.976 (0.960 - 0.992)

0.974 (0.959 - 0.989)

Hypertension

1.057 (0.741 - 1.508)

0.643 (0.435 - 0.951)

0.840 (0.583 - 1.211)*

Coronary Artery Disease

2.074 (1.497 - 2.874)

1.308 (0.878 - 1.948)

Diabetes

2.490 (1.797 - 3.450)

2.319 (1.653 - 3.252)

2.535 (1.773 - 3.624)

Myocardial Infarction

1.105 (0.555 - 2.200)

0.858 (0.412 - 1.788)

CABG

3.719 (1.624 - 4.552)

1.501 (0.847 - 2.659)

PCI

0.971 (0.544 - 1.733)

0.844 (0.448 - 1.591)

CVA

3.194 (1.281 - 3.760)

1.197 (0.673 - 2.126)

TIA

1.737 (0.890 - 3.350)

1.536 (0.767 - 3.077)

Beta-blocker

2.274 (1.524 - 3.394)

1.676 (1.109 - 2.535)

1.625 (1.064 - 2.482)

ACE-I

1.543 (1.102 - 2.162)

1.040 (0.712 - 1.519)

ARB

1.328 (0.906 - 1.948)

1.149 (0.760 - 1.737)

Omega-3

0.561 (0.382 - 0.823)

0.547 (0.369 - 0.811)

0.554 (0.373 - 0.823)

Aspirin

1.231 (0.827 - 1.830)

0.841 (0.546 - 1.295)

Diuretic

2.020 (1.447 - 2.820)

1.407 (0.961 - 2.059)

1.461 (1.011 - 2.112)

Ezetimibe

0.946 (0.644 - 1.390)

1.093 (0.733 - 1.628)

1.067 (0.713 - 1.598)**