J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 2, April 2013, pages 112-120

Predictors of Pregnancy-Related Emotions

**Table 1.** Percentage of Women With Positive Emotions
Variable	N	Category	Percentage of positive emotions	1st month	6th month
* significant at P < 0.001; significant at P < 0.01; * significant at P < 0.05.
age	600	over 30 yrs	64.3	78.3	χ² (d.f.= 2) = 24.2***	χ² (d.f.= 2) = 31.8***
	2,572	21 yrs - 31 yrs	72.1	87
	698	under 21 yrs	64.8	86.1
partnership	425	problems with partner	54.4	79.8	χ² (d.f.= 2) = 89.6***	χ² (d.f. = 2) = 45.2***
	70	has no partner	41.4	61.4
	4,345	“healthy” partnership	71.5	86.3
previous pregnancy experiences	598	trauma	71.2	85.6	χ² (d.f. = 2) = 14.2***	χ² (d.f. = 2) = 24.8***
	1,890	primigravida	71.9	88.2
	2,274	has a child	67.1	82.8
social support	230	low	68.7	77.8	n.s.	χ² (d.f. = 1) = 9.7**
	4,211	High	69.7	85.8
objective health	2,244	no treatment	70.8	87.3	n.s.	χ² (d.f. = 1) = 6.4*
	2,043	treatment	69	84.6
subjective health	3,330	no complaints	70.1	87.5	n.s.	χ² (d.f. = 1) = 47.4***
	1,181	complaints about health	66.9	78.4
planned pregnancy	2,421	planned	91.4	89.5	χ² (d.f. = 1) = 1150.9***	χ² (d.f. = 1) = 67.3***
	2,414	Unplanned	47.5	81.2
housing	2,019	sub-standard	66.5	84.6	χ² (d.f. = 1) = 14.9***	n.s.
	2,753	standard	71.7	86

Table 1. Percentage of Women With Positive Emotions

Variable

**Table 2.** Percentage of Women Who Changed Emotionally From 1st to 6th Month
Variable	N	Category	Emotions
* significant at P < 0.001; significant at P < 0.01; * significant at P < 0.05.
age	600	over 30 yrs	6.3	20.3	χ² (d.f. = 2) = 24.2***
2,572	21 yrs - 31 yrs	4.3	19.2
698	under 21 yrs	5	26.4
partnership	425	problems with partner	4.7	30.1	χ² (d.f. = 7) = 524.4***
70	has no partner	11.4	31.4
4,345	“healthy” partnership	4.8	19.6
previous pregnancy experience	598	trauma	4.2	18.6	χ² (d.f. = 7) = 385.5***
1,890	primigravida	4.9	21.2
2,274	has a child	5.2	20.9
social support	230	low	6.5	15.7	χ² (d.f. = 4) = 336.5***
2,933	high	4.9	21.1
objective health	2,244	no treatment	3.8	20.4	χ² (d.f .= 4) = 417.4***
2,043	treatment	5.6	21.2
subjective health	3,330	no complaints	4	21.5	χ² (d.f. = 4) = 567.1***
1,181	complaints about health	7.4	18.9
planned pregnancy	2,421	planned	6.7	4.9	χ² (d.f. = 4) = 1,705.8***
2,414	unplanned	3.1	36.8
housing	2,019	sub-standard	5	23.1	χ² (d.f. = 4) = 472.4***
2,753	standard	4.8	19.1

Category

Emotions

Deterioration (%)

Improvement (%)

*** significant at P < 0.001; ** significant at P < 0.01; * significant at P < 0.05.

age

600

over 30 yrs

6.3

20.3

χ² (d.f. = 2) = 24.2***

2,572

21 yrs - 31 yrs

4.3

19.2

698

under 21 yrs

26.4

partnership

425

problems with partner

4.7

30.1

χ² (d.f. = 7) = 524.4***

has no partner

11.4

31.4

4,345

“healthy” partnership

4.8

19.6

previous pregnancy experience

598

trauma

4.2

18.6

χ² (d.f. = 7) = 385.5***

1,890

primigravida

4.9

21.2

2,274

has a child

5.2

20.9

social support

230

low

6.5

15.7

χ² (d.f. = 4) = 336.5***

2,933

high

4.9

21.1

objective health

2,244

no treatment

3.8

20.4

χ² (d.f .= 4) = 417.4***

2,043

treatment

5.6

21.2

subjective health

3,330

no complaints

21.5

χ² (d.f. = 4) = 567.1***

1,181

complaints about health

7.4

18.9

planned pregnancy

2,421

planned

6.7

4.9

χ² (d.f. = 4) = 1,705.8***

2,414

unplanned

3.1

36.8

housing

2,019

sub-standard

23.1

χ² (d.f. = 4) = 472.4***

2,753

standard

4.8

19.1

**Table 3.** Binary Logistics Regressions Results - 1st Month
Block		B	S.E.	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp (B)
Block a: the CCEI scale, objective health, subjective health: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 6.84; P = 0.554; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 44.83; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.021; Block b: age category, previous pregnancy status, planned pregnancy: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 4.10; P = 0.848; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 5) = 823.35; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.362; Block c: partnership, social support, standard of housing: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 4.36; P = 0.822; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 15.01; P = 0.005; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.367.
a	CCEI	-0.034	0.006	33.948	1	0.000	0.967
a	objective health (treatment)	-0.132	0.098	1.827	1	0.176	0.876
a	subjective health (complaints)	0.016	0.100	0.025	1	0.876	1.016
b	age			7.218	2	0.027
	age (over 30 yrs)	-0.295	0.139	4.529	1	0.033	0.744
	age (under 21 yrs)	0.191	0.136	1.984	1	0.159	1.211
b	previous pregnancy experience (PPE)			27.789	2	0.000
	PPE (trauma)	0.175	0.157	1.242	1	0.265	1.191
	PPE (primigravida)	0.607	0.116	27.233	1	0.000	1.836
b	planned pregnancy (unplanned)	-2.690	0.115	548.877	1	0.000	0.068
c	partnership			13.515	2	0.001
	partnership (problems w. partner)	-0.507	0.172	8.674	1	0.003	0.602
	partnership (has no partner)	-0.908	0.377	5.802	1	0.016	0.403
c	social support (low)	0.194	0.224	0.745	1	0.388	1.214
c	housing (sub standard)	-0.036	0.106	0.112	1	0.738	0.965
	Constant	3.688	0.246	224.534	1	0.000	39.956

Table 3. Binary Logistics Regressions Results - 1st Month

Block

S.E.

Wald

Sig.

Exp (B)

Block a: the CCEI scale, objective health, subjective health: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 6.84; P = 0.554; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 44.83; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.021; Block b: age category, previous pregnancy status, planned pregnancy: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 4.10; P = 0.848; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 5) = 823.35; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.362; Block c: partnership, social support, standard of housing: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 4.36; P = 0.822; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 15.01; P = 0.005; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.367.

CCEI

-0.034

0.006

33.948

0.000

0.967

objective health (treatment)

-0.132

0.098

1.827

0.176

0.876

subjective health (complaints)

0.016

0.100

0.025

0.876

1.016

age

7.218

0.027

age (over 30 yrs)

-0.295

0.139

4.529

0.033

0.744

age (under 21 yrs)

0.191

0.136

1.984

0.159

1.211

previous pregnancy experience (PPE)

27.789

0.000

PPE (trauma)

0.175

0.157

1.242

0.265

1.191

PPE (primigravida)

0.607

0.116

27.233

0.000

1.836

planned pregnancy (unplanned)

-2.690

0.115

548.877

0.000

0.068

partnership

13.515

0.001

partnership (problems w. partner)

-0.507

0.172

8.674

0.003

0.602

partnership (has no partner)

-0.908

0.377

5.802

0.016

0.403

social support (low)

0.194

0.224

0.745

0.388

1.214

housing (sub standard)

-0.036

0.106

0.112

0.738

0.965

Constant

3.688

0.246

224.534

0.000

39.956

**Table 4.** Binary Logistics Regressions Results - 6th Month
Block		B	S.E.	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp (B)
Block a: the CCEI scale, objective health, subjective health: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 6.14; P = 0.632; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 106.185; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.07; Block b: age category, previous pregnancy status, planned pregnancy: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 8.05; P = 0.428; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 5) = 90.306; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.127; Block c: partnership, social support, standard of housing: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 3.61; P = 0.890; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 29.740; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.146.
a	CCEI	-0.053	0.007	62.296	1	0.000	0.948
a	objective health (treatment)	-0.106	0.122	0.755	1	0.385	0.900
a	subjective health (complaints)	-0.332	0.134	6.160	1	0.013	0.718
b	Age			24.769	2	0.000
	age (over 30 yrs)	-0.682	0.150	20.591	1	0.000	0.506
	age (under 21 yrs)	0.286	0.191	2.227	1	0.136	1.330
b	previous pregnancy experience (PPE)			17.039	2	0.000
	PPE (trauma)	0.391	0.199	3.869	1	0.049	1.478
	PPE (primigravida)	0.619	0.152	16.585	1	0.000	1.857
b	planned pregnancy (unplanned)	-0.784	0.125	39.310	1	0.000	0.456
c	partnership			21.291	2	0.000
	partnership (problems w. partner)	-0.417	0.211	3.913	1	0.048	0.659
	partnership (has no partner)	-1.624	0.372	19.107	1	0.000	0.197
c	social support (low)	-0.242	0.247	0.955	1	0.328	0.785
c	housing (sub standard)	-0.337	0.133	6.407	1	0.011	0.714
	Constant	4.612	0.293	248.450	1	0.000	100.709

Table 4. Binary Logistics Regressions Results - 6th Month

Block

S.E.

Wald

Sig.

Exp (B)

Block a: the CCEI scale, objective health, subjective health: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 6.14; P = 0.632; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 106.185; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.07; Block b: age category, previous pregnancy status, planned pregnancy: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 8.05; P = 0.428; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 5) = 90.306; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.127; Block c: partnership, social support, standard of housing: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 3.61; P = 0.890; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 29.740; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.146.

CCEI

-0.053

0.007

62.296

0.000

0.948

objective health (treatment)

-0.106

0.122

0.755

0.385

0.900

subjective health (complaints)

-0.332

0.134

6.160

0.013

0.718

Age

24.769

0.000

age (over 30 yrs)

-0.682

0.150

20.591

0.000

0.506

age (under 21 yrs)

0.286

0.191

2.227

0.136

1.330

previous pregnancy experience (PPE)

17.039

0.000

PPE (trauma)

0.391

0.199

3.869

0.049

1.478

PPE (primigravida)

0.619

0.152

16.585

0.000

1.857

planned pregnancy (unplanned)

-0.784

0.125

39.310

0.000

0.456

partnership

21.291

0.000

partnership (problems w. partner)

-0.417

0.211

3.913

0.048

0.659

partnership (has no partner)

-1.624

0.372

19.107

0.000

0.197

social support (low)

-0.242

0.247

0.955

0.328

0.785

housing (sub standard)

-0.337

0.133

6.407

0.011

0.714

Constant

4.612

0.293

248.450

0.000

100.709

**Table 5.** Binary Logistics Regressions Results - the Change in Emotions From 1st to 6th Month
Block		B	S.E.	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp (B)
Block a: the CCEI scale, objective health, subjective health: Hosmer Lemeshow test χ² (d.f. = 8) = 0,852; P = 0.991; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 13,701; P < 0.01; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.035; Block b: age category, previous pregnancy status, planned pregnancy: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 13,124.05; P = 0.108; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 5) = 127,137; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.328; Block c: partnership, social support, standard of housing: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 5,884; P = 0.660; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 9,419; P = 0.051; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.348.
a	objective health (treatment)	-0.101	0.256	0.156	1	0.693	0.904
a	subjective health (complaints)	-0.729	0.276	6.988	1	0.008	0.482
a	CCEI			1.436	2	0.488
	CCEI middle range	0.011	0.363	0.001	1	0.977	1.011
	CCEI neurotics	-0.357	0.429	0.690	1	0.406	0.700
b	age			2.277	2	0.320
	age (over 30 yrs)	-0.500	0.335	2.222	1	0.136	0.607
	age (under 21 yrs)	-0.144	0.366	0.155	1	0.694	0.866
b	previous pregnancy experience (PPE)			2.730	2	0.255
	PPE (trauma)	0.582	0.469	1.541	1	0.214	1.790
	PPE (primigravida)	-0.193	0.299	0.416	1	0.519	0.825
b	planned pregnancy (unplanned)	2.688	0.257	109.543	1	0.000	14.702
c	partnership			3.466	2	0.177
	partnership (problems w. partner)	0.350	0.470	0.555	1	0.456	1.420
	partnership (has no partner)	-1.116	0.686	2.651	1	0.104	0.328
c	housing (sub standard)	-0.226	0.268	0.710	1	0.400	0.798
c	social support (low)	-1.275	0.524	5.910	1	0.015	0.280
	Constant	0.471	0.392	1.442	1	0.230	1.601

Table 5. Binary Logistics Regressions Results - the Change in Emotions From 1st to 6th Month

Block

S.E.

Wald

Sig.

Exp (B)

Block a: the CCEI scale, objective health, subjective health: Hosmer Lemeshow test χ² (d.f. = 8) = 0,852; P = 0.991; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 13,701; P < 0.01; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.035; Block b: age category, previous pregnancy status, planned pregnancy: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 13,124.05; P = 0.108; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 5) = 127,137; P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.328; Block c: partnership, social support, standard of housing: Hosmer Lemeshow test (χ² d.f. = 8) = 5,884; P = 0.660; Omnibus test (χ² d.f. = 4) = 9,419; P = 0.051; Nagelkerke R-Square = 0.348.

objective health (treatment)

-0.101

0.256

0.156

0.693

0.904

subjective health (complaints)

-0.729

0.276

6.988

0.008

0.482

CCEI

1.436

0.488

CCEI middle range

0.011

0.363

0.001

0.977

1.011

CCEI neurotics

-0.357

0.429

0.690

0.406

0.700

age

2.277

0.320

age (over 30 yrs)

-0.500

0.335

2.222

0.136

0.607

age (under 21 yrs)

-0.144

0.366

0.155

0.694

0.866

previous pregnancy experience (PPE)

2.730

0.255

PPE (trauma)

0.582

0.469

1.541

0.214

1.790

PPE (primigravida)

-0.193

0.299

0.416

0.519

0.825

planned pregnancy (unplanned)

2.688

0.257

109.543

0.000

14.702

partnership

3.466

0.177

partnership (problems w. partner)

0.350

0.470

0.555

0.456

1.420

partnership (has no partner)

-1.116

0.686

2.651

0.104

0.328

housing (sub standard)

-0.226

0.268

0.710

0.400

0.798

social support (low)

-1.275

0.524

5.910

0.015

0.280

Constant

0.471

0.392

1.442

0.230

1.601