J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 3, March 2016, pages 237-243

Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Metabolic Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Chart-Based Analysis

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects Who Were Prescribed SGLT2 Inhibitors (n = 50)
Age	48 ± 10
Sex (male/female)	18/32
Body height (cm)	161 ± 8
Body weight (kg)	84.9 ± 17.6
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²)	32.1 ± 5.9
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	130 ± 15
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	80 ± 11
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	180 ± 75
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	8.9 ± 2.0

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects Who Were Prescribed SGLT2 Inhibitors (n = 50)

Age

48 ± 10

Sex (male/female)

18/32

Body height (cm)

161 ± 8

Body weight (kg)

84.9 ± 17.6

Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²)

32.1 ± 5.9

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

130 ± 15

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

80 ± 11

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

180 ± 75

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

8.9 ± 2.0

**Table 2.** SGLT2 Inhibitors Prescribed to the Subjects Studied at Baseline (n = 50)
Dapagliflozin 5 mg	16 (32%)
Ipragliflozin 25 mg	4 (8%)
Ipragliflozin 50 mg	10 (20%)
Tofogliflozin 20 mg	7 (14%)
Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg	11 (22%)
Canagliflozin 100 mg	1 (2%)
Empagliflozin 10 mg	1 (2%)

Table 2. SGLT2 Inhibitors Prescribed to the Subjects Studied at Baseline (n = 50)

Dapagliflozin 5 mg

16 (32%)

Ipragliflozin 25 mg

4 (8%)

Ipragliflozin 50 mg

10 (20%)

Tofogliflozin 20 mg

7 (14%)

Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg

11 (22%)

Canagliflozin 100 mg

1 (2%)

Empagliflozin 10 mg

1 (2%)

**Table 3.** Hypoglycemic, Anti-Hypertensive and Lipid Lowering Agents Which the Subjects Had Taken Before and After the Treatment With SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Medications	Pre-treatment (n = 50)	1 month (n = 50)	2 months (n = 41)	3 months (n = 37)	6 months (n = 23)
ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; α-GI: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1.
Biguanides	41	39	35	30	19
Thiazolidinediones	17	17	16	14	8
DPP-4 inhibitors	26	24	21	18	10
Sulfonylurea	11	9	6	5	4
α-GI	6	7	7	6	2
Glinides	2	1	1	1	2
GLP-1 analogues	7	8	7	6	9
Insulin	15	14	12	11	5
ACEi/ARB	19	20	18	16	11
Statins	30	30	27	22	13

Table 3. Hypoglycemic, Anti-Hypertensive and Lipid Lowering Agents Which the Subjects Had Taken Before and After the Treatment With SGLT-2 Inhibitors

Medications

Pre-treatment (n = 50)

1 month (n = 50)

2 months (n = 41)

3 months (n = 37)

6 months (n = 23)

ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; α-GI: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1.

Biguanides

Thiazolidinediones

DPP-4 inhibitors

Sulfonylurea

α-GI

Glinides

GLP-1 analogues

Insulin

ACEi/ARB

Statins

**Table 4.** Changes in the Examined Variables After 1 Month of SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration (n = 50)
	n	Pre-treatment	1 month	P
Body weight (kg)	41	85.0 (18.7)	83.3 (18.1)	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	31	129 (14)	124 (15)	0.126
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	31	80 (10)	73 (17)	0.014
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	46	180 (78)	168 (81)	0.368
HbA1c (%)	41	9.0 (2.0)	8.2 (1.7)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	45	48 (11)	48 (12)	0.696
TG (mg/dL)	45	221 (153)	269 (291)	0.072
LDL-C (mg/dL)	21	120 (39)	121 (36)	0.905
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	37	142 (30)	149 (36)	0.110
AST (IU/L)	44	39 (27)	39 (31)	0.900
ALT (IU/L)	44	50 (40)	53 (48)	0.241
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	45	94 (36)	89 (31)	0.012
Hematocrit (%)	44	41.2 (4.2)	42.8 (4.4)	< 0.001

Table 4. Changes in the Examined Variables After 1 Month of SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration (n = 50)

Pre-treatment

1 month

Body weight (kg)

85.0 (18.7)

83.3 (18.1)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

129 (14)

124 (15)

0.126

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

80 (10)

73 (17)

0.014

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

180 (78)

168 (81)

0.368

HbA1c (%)

9.0 (2.0)

8.2 (1.7)

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

48 (11)

48 (12)

0.696

TG (mg/dL)

221 (153)

269 (291)

0.072

LDL-C (mg/dL)

120 (39)

121 (36)

0.905

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

142 (30)

149 (36)

0.110

AST (IU/L)

39 (27)

39 (31)

0.900

ALT (IU/L)

50 (40)

53 (48)

0.241

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

94 (36)

89 (31)

0.012

Hematocrit (%)

41.2 (4.2)

42.8 (4.4)

< 0.001

**Table 5.** Changes in the Examined Variables After 2 Months of SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration (n = 41)
	n	Pre-treatment	2 months	P
Body weight (kg)	28	86.2 (19.3)	84.3 (19.2)	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	23	131 (13)	124 (15)	0.051
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	23	79 (10)	76 (10)	0.615
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	34	187 (78)	161 (63)	0.006
HbA1c (%)	28	8.7 (1.6)	7.8 (1.4)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	33	47 (10)	47 (10)	0.713
TG (mg/dL)	33	197 (106)	189 (92)	0.567
LDL-C (mg/dL)	13	123 (46)	122 (41)	0.809
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	28	137 (28)	136 (32)	0.875
AST (IU/L)	33	42 (30)	35 (20)	0.051
ALT (IU/L)	32	54 (46)	49 (39)	0.149
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	33	95 (39)	92 (35)	0.052
Hematocrit (%)	31	41.0 (4.2)	42.8 (3.9)	0.003

Table 5. Changes in the Examined Variables After 2 Months of SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration (n = 41)

Pre-treatment

2 months

Body weight (kg)

86.2 (19.3)

84.3 (19.2)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

131 (13)

124 (15)

0.051

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

79 (10)

76 (10)

0.615

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

187 (78)

161 (63)

0.006

HbA1c (%)

8.7 (1.6)

7.8 (1.4)

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

47 (10)

0.713

TG (mg/dL)

197 (106)

189 (92)

0.567

LDL-C (mg/dL)

123 (46)

122 (41)

0.809

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

137 (28)

136 (32)

0.875

AST (IU/L)

42 (30)

35 (20)

0.051

ALT (IU/L)

54 (46)

49 (39)

0.149

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

95 (39)

92 (35)

0.052

Hematocrit (%)

41.0 (4.2)

42.8 (3.9)

0.003

**Table 6.** Changes in the Examined Variables After 3 Months of SGLT2 Inhibitor administration (n = 37)
	n	Pre-treatment	3 months	P
Body weight (kg)	31	84.4 (18.4)	82.0 (17.9)	0.002
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	26	131 (15)	128 (16)	0.402
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	26	76 (10)	75 (9)	0.615
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	35	189 (84)	160 (58)	0.032
HbA1c (%)	30	8.9 (2.0)	7.9 (1.6)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	32	49 (11)	51 (15)	0.195
TG (mg/dL)	32	199 (112)	197 (145)	0.922
LDL-C (mg/dL)	17	122 (40)	119 (37)	0.641
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	24	143 (29)	137 (30)	0.180
AST (IU/L)	32	40 (29)	31 (23)	< 0.001
ALT (IU/L)	32	50 (43)	43 (38)	0.033
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	33	98 (38)	94 (33)	0.137
Hematocrit (%)	32	41.1 (4.0)	43.1 (3.8)	< 0.001

Table 6. Changes in the Examined Variables After 3 Months of SGLT2 Inhibitor administration (n = 37)

Pre-treatment

3 months

Body weight (kg)

84.4 (18.4)

82.0 (17.9)

0.002

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

131 (15)

128 (16)

0.402

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

76 (10)

75 (9)

0.615

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

189 (84)

160 (58)

0.032

HbA1c (%)

8.9 (2.0)

7.9 (1.6)

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

49 (11)

51 (15)

0.195

TG (mg/dL)

199 (112)

197 (145)

0.922

LDL-C (mg/dL)

122 (40)

119 (37)

0.641

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

143 (29)

137 (30)

0.180

AST (IU/L)

40 (29)

31 (23)

< 0.001

ALT (IU/L)

50 (43)

43 (38)

0.033

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

98 (38)

94 (33)

0.137

Hematocrit (%)

41.1 (4.0)

43.1 (3.8)

< 0.001

**Table 7.** Changes in the Examined Variables After 6 Months of SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration (n = 23)
	n	Pre-treatment	6 months	P
Body weight (kg)	19	89.6 (19.1)	87.6 (19.1)	0.023
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	15	132 (14)	131 (16)	0.896
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	15	78 (12)	80 (10)	0.465
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	23	192 (97)	158 (62)	0.017
HbA1c (%)	20	8.8 (2.3)	7.5 (1.7)	0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	22	49 (12)	51 (16)	0.499
TG (mg/dL)	22	197 (108)	202 (110)	0.815
LDL-C (mg/dL)	10	118 (45)	102 (37)	0.162
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	16	142 (24)	140 (30)	0.791
AST (IU/L)	21	38 (21)	29 (13)	0.006.
ALT (IU/L)	21	46 (34)	38 (25)	0.035
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	23	97 (40)	94 (30)	0.511
Hematocrit (%)	22	41.9 (3.9)	43.8 (4.1)	< 0.001

Table 7. Changes in the Examined Variables After 6 Months of SGLT2 Inhibitor Administration (n = 23)

Pre-treatment

6 months

Body weight (kg)

89.6 (19.1)

87.6 (19.1)

0.023

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

132 (14)

131 (16)

0.896

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

78 (12)

80 (10)

0.465

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

192 (97)

158 (62)

0.017

HbA1c (%)

8.8 (2.3)

7.5 (1.7)

0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

49 (12)

51 (16)

0.499

TG (mg/dL)

197 (108)

202 (110)

0.815

LDL-C (mg/dL)

118 (45)

102 (37)

0.162

Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

142 (24)

140 (30)

0.791

AST (IU/L)

38 (21)

29 (13)

0.006.

ALT (IU/L)

46 (34)

38 (25)

0.035

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

97 (40)

94 (30)

0.511

Hematocrit (%)

41.9 (3.9)

43.8 (4.1)

< 0.001