| Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website http://www.jocmr.org |
Original Article
Volume 8, Number 3, March 2016, pages 231-236
High Seroprevalence of Leptospira Exposure in Meat Workers in Northern Mexico: A Case-Control Study
Tables
| Characteristic | No. of subjects tested* | Positive ELISA results, No. (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| *Sums may not add up to 124 because of some missing values. | |||
| Age groups (years) | |||
| 30 or less | 39 | 4 (10.3) | 0.39 |
| 31 - 50 | 59 | 12 (20.3) | |
| > 50 | 25 | 5 (20) | |
| Residence area | |||
| Urban or suburban | 91 | 9 (9.9) | 0.0008 |
| Rural | 32 | 12 (37.5) | |
| Educational level | |||
| No education | 4 | 2 (50.0) | 0.13 |
| Education | 118 | 19 (16.1) | |
| Socio-economic status | |||
| Low | 42 | 6 (14.3) | 0.42 |
| Medium | 74 | 15 (20.3) | |
| National trips | |||
| Yes | 72 | 9 (12.5) | 0.08 |
| No | 49 | 12 (24.5) | |
| Goat meat consumption | |||
| Yes | 43 | 10 (23.3) | 0.16 |
| No | 75 | 10 (13.3) | |
| Sheep meat consumption | |||
| Yes | 90 | 18 (20) | 0.17 |
| No | 32 | 3 (9.4) | |
| Snake meat consumption | |||
| Yes | 12 | 6 (50) | 0.007 |
| No | 112 | 16 (14.3) | |
| Consumption of raw or undercooked meat | |||
| Yes | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 0.46 |
| No | 111 | 21 (18.9) | |
| Consumption of unwashed raw vegetables | |||
| Yes | 45 | 10 (22.2) | 0.14 |
| No | 74 | 9 (12.2) | |
| Consumption of unwashed raw fruits | |||
| Yes | 77 | 17 (22.1) | 0.03 |
| No | 42 | 3 (7.1) | |
| Untreated water | |||
| Yes | 82 | 16 (19.5) | 0.21 |
| No | 38 | 4 (10.5) | |
| Soil contact | |||
| Yes | 85 | 17 (20) | 0.21 |
| No | 37 | 4 (10.8) | |
| Duration in the activity | |||
| Up to 10 years | 64 | 7 (10.9) | 0.04 |
| More than 10 years | 51 | 13 (25.5) | |
| Safety practices (gloves, mask, glasses) | |||
| Yes | 11 | 4 (36.4) | 0.11 |
| No | 105 | 17 (16.2) | |
| Splash of blood or raw meat at face | |||
| Yes | 88 | 18 (20.5) | 0.15 |
| No | 32 | 3 (9.4) | |
| Injuries at work | |||
| Yes | 111 | 19 (17.1) | 0.65 |
| No | 9 | 2 (22.2) | |
| Visual impairment | |||
| Yes | 80 | 16 (20) | 0.16 |
| No | 40 | 4 (10) | |
| Variables | P value | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural residence | 0.01 | 4.29 | 1.29 - 14.20 |
| Duration in the activity | 0.03 | 3.87 | 1.13 - 13.22 |
| Snake meat consumption | 0.01 | 7.20 | 1.48 - 34.91 |
| Consumption of unwashed raw fruits | 0.03 | 6.68 | 1.16 - 38.55 |