J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 1, January 2015, pages 45-51

Prognosis of Hyponatremia in Elderly Patients With Fragility Fractures

**Table 1.** Participant Characteristics
Participant characteristic	Normonatremic participants	Hyponatremic participants	P value
Other lower limb: all lower limb fractures other than hip fractures. *According to last serum sodium measurement available prior to admission.
Number (N)	94	33
Age (years)
Average (± SD)	78 (± 8)	81 (± 7)	0.083
Range	65 - 97	69 - 98
Female sex % (N)	76.6 (72)	81.8 (27)	0.078
Previous residence % (N)
Own home	85.1 (80)	78.8 (26)	0.39
Sheltered housing	14.9 (14)	12.1 (4)
Nursing/care home	0	6.1 (2)
Care of the elderly medicine	0	3 (1)
Number of co-morbidities (N)
Mean (± SD)	4 (± 2)	5 (± 3)	0.222
Range	0 - 9	0 - 11
Number of medications (N)
Mean (± SD)	5 (± 4)	6 (± 3)	0.294
Range	0 - 15	0 - 15
Fracture site % (N)			0.115
Hip	50 (47)	57.6 (19)
Hip and upper limb	1.1 (1)	0
Other lower limb*	24.5 (23)	15.2 (5)
Other lower limb* and upper limb	0	3 (1)
Upper limb	21.3 (20)	15.2 (5)
Pelvic and upper limb	0	0
Pelvic	3.2 (3)	3 (1)
Vertebrae	0	6.1 (2)
Time from fracture to hospital admission (days)
Median	0	0	0.581
Interquartile range	0 - 1	0 - 1.5
Serum sodium prior to admission (mmol/L)
Mean (± SD)	140.4 (2.41)	136.2 (± 5)	< 0.001
Range	133 - 145	127 - 144
Serum sodium on admission (mmol/L)
Mean (± SD)	139 (± 2.4)	134 (± 4)	< 0.001
Range	135 - 146	123 - 141
Prevalence of hyponatremia % (N)
Prior to admission**	3.2 (3)	30.3 (10)	< 0.001
On admission	0	51.5 (17)	< 0.001

Table 1. Participant Characteristics

Participant characteristic

Normonatremic participants

Hyponatremic participants

P value

*Other lower limb: all lower limb fractures other than hip fractures. **According to last serum sodium measurement available prior to admission.

Number (N)

Age (years)

Average (± SD)

78 (± 8)

81 (± 7)

0.083

Range

65 - 97

69 - 98

Female sex % (N)

76.6 (72)

81.8 (27)

0.078

Previous residence % (N)

Own home

85.1 (80)

78.8 (26)

0.39

Sheltered housing

14.9 (14)

12.1 (4)

Nursing/care home

6.1 (2)

Care of the elderly medicine

3 (1)

Number of co-morbidities (N)

Mean (± SD)

4 (± 2)

5 (± 3)

0.222

Range

0 - 9

0 - 11

Number of medications (N)

Mean (± SD)

5 (± 4)

6 (± 3)

0.294

Range

0 - 15

Fracture site % (N)

0.115

Hip

50 (47)

57.6 (19)

Hip and upper limb

1.1 (1)

Other lower limb*

24.5 (23)

15.2 (5)

Other lower limb* and upper limb

3 (1)

Upper limb

21.3 (20)

15.2 (5)

Pelvic and upper limb

Pelvic

3.2 (3)

3 (1)

Vertebrae

6.1 (2)

Time from fracture to hospital admission (days)

Median

0.581

Interquartile range

0 - 1

0 - 1.5

Serum sodium prior to admission (mmol/L)

Mean (± SD)

140.4 (2.41)

136.2 (± 5)

< 0.001

Range

133 - 145

127 - 144

Serum sodium on admission (mmol/L)

Mean (± SD)

139 (± 2.4)

134 (± 4)

< 0.001

Range

135 - 146

123 - 141

Prevalence of hyponatremia % (N)

Prior to admission**

3.2 (3)

30.3 (10)

< 0.001

On admission

51.5 (17)

< 0.001

**Table 2.** Participant Outcomes
Characteristic	Normonatremic participants	Hyponatremic participants	P value
OTW: orthopedic trauma ward; GAU: geriatric assessment unit. *Data not obtained: patients still acute hospital inpatients.
Number (N)	94	33
Surgical management %(N)	76.6 (72)	81.8 (27)	0.631
Time to surgery from admission (days)
Mean (± SD)	1.8 (± 7)	3 (± 3)	0.014
Range	0 - 7	0 - 10
Incidence of hyponatremia developing in hospital % (N)	0	48.5 (16)	< 0.001
Patient deaths % (N)	4.5 (3)	12.9 (4)	0.07
Length of stay in OTW or GAU (days)
Mean (± SD)	6.8 (± 4.97)	10.3 (± 8.4)	0.006
Range	0 - 27	1 - 45
Discharge destination % (N)			0.51
Previous residence	29.8 (28)	21.2 (7)
Relative’s residence	4.3 (4)	0
Orthopedic rehabilitation	55.3 (52)	72.7 (24)
Care of the elderly medicine	3.2 (3)	3 (1)
Other medical speciality	2.1 (2)	0
Died in acute hospital or data not obtained*	5.3 (5)	3 (1)

Table 2. Participant Outcomes

Characteristic

Normonatremic participants

Hyponatremic participants

P value

OTW: orthopedic trauma ward; GAU: geriatric assessment unit. *Data not obtained: patients still acute hospital inpatients.

Number (N)

Surgical management %(N)

76.6 (72)

81.8 (27)

0.631

Time to surgery from admission (days)

Mean (± SD)

1.8 (± 7)

3 (± 3)

0.014

Range

0 - 7

0 - 10

Incidence of hyponatremia developing in hospital % (N)

48.5 (16)

< 0.001

Patient deaths % (N)

4.5 (3)

12.9 (4)

0.07

Length of stay in OTW or GAU (days)

Mean (± SD)

6.8 (± 4.97)

10.3 (± 8.4)

0.006

Range

0 - 27

1 - 45

Discharge destination % (N)

0.51

Previous residence

29.8 (28)

21.2 (7)

Relative’s residence

4.3 (4)

Orthopedic rehabilitation

55.3 (52)

72.7 (24)

Care of the elderly medicine

3.2 (3)

3 (1)

Other medical speciality

2.1 (2)

Died in acute hospital or data not obtained*

5.3 (5)

3 (1)